Research Symposium-2011

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Algorithmic Aspects of Trees in Graph Theory: Identification and Application
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Gamachchige, N.T.S.G.; Udagedara, D.T.
Note: See the PDF Version With the rapid advances of the computer technology, Mathematics and Computer Science have developed into two entirely separate disciplines. Since graphical approach lend themselves naturally as model for a variety of situations, including the hardware of computer and certain aspects of computer software, Graph Theory plays an increasingly important role within Computer Science. In the study of graphs, it soon becomes evident that efficient algorithms are necessary for solving problems of any significant magnitude. It has become fashionable to mention that there are applications of Graph Theory to some areas of Physics, Chemistry, Computer technology, Electrical and civil engineering, Sociology and Economics. Computers have made our daily activities easier with fast and highly accurate outcome. Since we find the applications of Graph Theory in almost all areas, using the computer to solve practical problems makes our task easy. Transforming of our problems into a form that can be understood by the computer is the task of a computer language. Algorithms are used for that purpose. This research consists of Algorithmic aspect of Trees in Graph Theory and is designed to emphasize the close tie between the theoretical and algorithmic aspect of Trees in Graph Theory. Rather than employing a specific computer language for presenting algorithms, the steps were used that are common to many languages. This research has introduced few algorithms, based on properties of Trees in Graph Theory, for practical problems which we often come across. A complexity analysis is also given for each algorithm. The main objective is to recognize the algorithms to solve real world problems using the properties of Trees in Graph Theory and the other objective is to apply these algorithms to solve some problems in day to day life.
Analysis of Competitiveness in Hotel Industry with Special Reference to the North Central Province
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Wattewewa, N.U.D.P.; Ranasinghe, J.P.R.C.
Note: See the PDF Version The service sector being the highest contributor in the Sri Lankan economy which contributed 59.3% of gross domestic production (GDP) in 2009, under the service sector hotels and restaurants services contribution was 0.4% in 2009 (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, annual report, 2009). Sri Lanka tourism board statistical report indicates that tourists' arrival to Sri Lanka during the year 2009 was 447,890. It is increased of 9415 or 2.1% when considering the previous year. The industry is confronted more and more with growing competition on a global level, a fast advance in technology and greater expectations from the clients. Most hotel companies have improved internal operations, raising quality and reducing costs. These companies are now preoccupied with the development of their competitive advantage through various sources. At the same time, these sources become factors which influence competitiveness. (Claudia-Elena, Juclea and Ana-Mihaela, Padurean) Tourism industry is an emerging industry in Sri Lanka after the resolution of internal problems by which the industry was suffering for nearly three decades. The competition among hotels is becoming more intensive to enter into the growing market (Central Bank of Sri Lanka 2009). Present study is an attempt to analyze the Competitiveness in the hotel industry. Further, it is aimed at analyzing the extent to which hoteliers have perceived the competitiveness under the prevailing circumstances.
Analysis of Contribution of Total Factor Productivity in Apparel Sector with Special Reference to Sri Lanka
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Vidanapathirana, M.P.; Deshapriya, N.P.R.
Note: See the PDF Version Productivity is useful as a relative measure of actual output of production compared to the actual input of resources, measured across time or against common entities. The econometric terminology for the productivity can be identified as Total Factor Productivity (TFP). TFP is the output growth which is not explained by the input variables (capital (K) and labor (L)). Being the single largest employer in the manufacturing sector, the apparel industry provides a momentous contribution to the economy of Sri Lanka. This study aimed to find out whether the influence of TFP on the production of apparel sector in Sri Lanka and to identify the contribution of production factors to TFP of the production and to identify the determinants of TFP in the apparel sector in Sri Lanka.
Analysis of Determinants of Business Performance in Micro Enterprises- A Special Reference to Matugama Area
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Chaturika, D.Y.; Deshapriya, N.P.R.
Note: See the PDF Version have been recognized as an important strategic sector in Sri Lanka for generating high economic growth, reducing unemployment, inequality and poverty. The Government in its top priority has recognized the importance of this sector in achieving a balanced economic growth, equitable regional distribution and increasing employment and productivity levels, and has adopted various policies for the development of micro enterprises in Sri Lanka. Micro and small enterprises contribute to the economic growth through several pathways including employment generation, poverty alleviation, reducing income disparity, entrepreneurship development, economic dynamism, linking the value chains and social development. Due to these facts micro and small enterprises are considered as the engine of economic growth in Sri Lanka. The number of people engaged in micro and small enterprises increase as a result of new enterprises being started and the expansion of existing activities. According to the traditional theoretical arguments, business performance of Micro enterprises mainly depends on some defined determinants of the business performance. Matugama is a developing area where most of the people tend to start their own businesses rather than working for a monthly salary. Therefore, it is relevant to analyze the determinants of the business performance of micro enterprises with reference to the Matugama area. Accordingly, this paper is an effort to quantify the above problem econometrically.
Analysis of Factors Affecting for Decision of Intercropping Pepper by Tea Small Holders in Yatinuwara DS Division
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Manupriya, V.D.T.; Dharmadasa, R.A.P.I.S.; Kahandawa, U.
In Sri Lanka tea small holders in the mid country had been traditionally intercropping pepper, coffee and clove with tea for a long time. Among these, pepper is the most compatible crop with any category of tea in the mid and low elevations. The intercropping of two or more crops on the same land has a number of advantages such as better land utilization and reduced risk of dependence on a single crop. This study analyses the factors determining the adoption of tea based pepper intercropping and determine whether the income is affected by intercropping pepper in tea lands in mid country wet zone at small
Analysis of Factors Affecting for Tea Exporters’ Perception on Value Addition
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Abeyrathna, S.M.J.C.; Mahindarathne, M.G.P.P.; Bandara, C.
Note: See the PDF Version Sri Lanka is a country which is having a predominat agricultural economy. With the effects of globalization, the country is looking forward to strengthen the economy through the export expansion. Tea is one of major exporting crops in Sri Lanka which contributes to the growth of country's economy. Sri Lanka is recognized as one of the largest tea exporter in the world. Ceylon tea enjoys a reputation as world's superior quality tea due to its unique flavor and aroma. Though the Ceylon tea having the best recognition in the world market, it is gradually losing the market share due to escalating cost of production and continuous focus on undifferentiated bulk tea exports. The term "value added" in contemporary use means additional domestic processing of primary commodities, though it is a concept derived from national income accounting, which literally means the return to the factors land, labor, and capital employed (Mauldon, 1991). In general, the earnings from value added forms are about 2.5 times higher than that of bulk form. World is moving towards the value addition and Sri Lanka exports only 42% of teas as value added tea. This implies that the large quantity of tea is exported in bulk form and it could further reduce the market share. Further, because of uncompetitive definition adopted for value addition, even all the exports below 2kg pack size go as value added tea. On the other hand, the benefits from value addition are automatically goes to our competing countries that import our bulk or primary value added tea for value addition and re-export purposes. To retain those earnings within the country and to consolidate our position as leading tea exporter, the focus on value addition should be promoted among the tea exporters. The research study was carried out to ascertain the factors affecting the tea exporters' perception on value added decision and it is also aimed at finding out the gaps between responsible authorities for value addition like Sri Lanka Tea Board (SLTB) and Export Development Board (EDB) and the tea exporters in the course of value addition.
Analysis of Personalized Determinants of Paying Back Loans by Poor with Special Reference to Kotmale DS Division, Nuware Eliya District
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Raajaratnam, S.; Deyshappriya, N.P.R.
Due to the poverty all over the world, it influences in borrowing loans and paying back loans. Past research articles have identified that the poverty level is higher in rural sectors and estate sectors and as a result of that poor people tend to borrow loans so as to fulfill their needs. However, it has been identified that they have been facing difficulties in paying back their loans due to several reasons. Individuals' personalized determinants influence in different degrees when they pay back their loans. Therefore, this research study aimed to identify whether there is a relationship between personalized determinants and paying back loans. In this research study Income, Expenditure, Age, Gender, Employment sector, Education, House hold size are considered as personalized determinants. There is no any research study found in this area of research in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this research study fulfills the gap by identifying whether there is a significant effect of personalized determinants of paying back loans or not. The objectives of this study were to identify the relationship between personalized determinants and paying back loans by poor people and to identify the difficulties facing by poor people when they pay back their loans.
Analysis of value in Delivery Process in Hotel Industry: A Special Reference to Star Classified Hotels in Colombo, Kalutara and Galle Districts
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Paranavithana, K.N.; Ranasinghe, J.P.R.C.
Customer satisfactio n is of pivotal for serv ice industries that provide an idea about the level of performance. Moreover, it will uncover the custoiaaers’ perception o I the services pro›'ided as against the customer expectations. In an intcnsi›'ely coi4ipetitivc brlsiilcss such as hospita lity, the main strategy which c‹in attract more c ustonaei's is customer relationsl4 ips. Measurement of customer sat is faction of a service could be performed by using the gap between the customer's expectation of perforn48nce and their perceived experience of perforiunnce (Ekinci and Riley, 1 998). Primary purpose of this research was to identify whether there is a relationship between service qual ity of val ale in delivery process and guest’s overa11 satisfaction in hotel industry. Further, it examines the interrelationship of services to understand guests’ actual image on Value in Delivery Process & to p rovide managerial implications on custoiiier value approach.
Analyzing the Macroeconomic Determinants in Stock Market Development in Sri Lanka
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Senavirathna, T.G.D.C.; Deshapriya, N.P.R.
Note: See the PDF Version Businesses use diverse types of methods to meet their financial needs. They can mainly be divided into capital market and money market. Capital market provides them long term capital while money market provides short term financial requirements. Among them, stock market is the place where secondary shares are issued to fulfill the capital requirements in public companies and make opportunities for investors to obtain benefits from their investments. In Sri Lanka, these transactions occur in Colombo Stock Exchange. In generally, stock market development indicates a developing industrial sector and a growing economy of a country. According to the traditional theoretical arguments, stock market development depends on macro-economic factors in both developed and emerging stock markets. Especially after the civil war in Sri Lanka, stock market has been playing a major role in the Sri Lankan economy. As a result, Colombo Stock Exchange completed its best year in the history in 2009 overcoming the challenges experienced in 2007 and 2008. This performance of the Colombo Stock Exchange during the year 2009 made it the best performing stock market among the 52 markets beating Mongolia and Bangladesh markets (According to Bloomberg News). Within this scenario, this research was conducted to identify macro-economic determinants of growth of stock market as the primary objective while assessing the effect of Exchange rate policy on market capitalization and assessing the effect of war on market capitalization in stock market as secondary objectives. This paper is an effort to quantify the above problem descriptively and econometrically
Antimicrobial Activity of Plumbago Rosea Root Extract against Human Pathogens
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2011) Mihirani, M.A.A.M.; Henagamage, A.P.; Karunathilake, A.A.K.; Madhusinghe, M.M.G.
Note: See the PDF Version Plumbago prosea, also known as Plumbago indica is an ornamental garden plant. Root of this plant wild acrid, vesicant, a iterative, digestive, stimulate abortifacient and oral contraceptive ve properties is used in Ayurvedic medicine (Okeyo, 2006). According to the previous studies root of P.rosea contains plumbagin or 5-hydroxy-2- methyl- 1,4- napthoquinone (Mallavadhani 2002). Plumbago is present in all the varieties of genus plumbago to a maximum of about 0. 9 I %. Pliiml›ago zeylanicas, another species belong to genus plumbago has been reported for its antimicrobial properties. (Dhale, 2011). The emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of human pathogens and side effects of currently available drugs are becoming a serious problem , for witch alternative therapies are urgently required. Infections caused by staphylococcus aureus especially due to methicillin -resistant S.aureus (M RSA) in immune compromised patients is continue to be a serious problem in worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is a cause for community- acqu ired urinary tract infections in young women. Opportunistic pathogens which as Pscu‹loiiioiias act uginos which causes range of human infection and the Escherichia coil are also, being reported for the antibiotic resistance. Drug resistant strains of CanJi‹la albicans, which causes cand id iasis is also a problems with global concern,
Application of Green Supply Chain Management Approach for a Community Based Dairy Factory
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Samaranayake, S.V.G.A.; Mudannayake, D.C.; Abesinghe, A.M.N.L.; Alwis, W.U.S.
This paper provides an overview of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) approaches for a community based dairy factory. GSCM is an emerging field that out of the traditional supply chain perspective. Greening the supply chain is one such innovative idea that is fast gaining attention in the industry. Today green supply chain is at the heart of the concept of sustainable development. This concept highly concerns about the environment. Eco-efficiency and remanufacturing processes are now important assets to achieve best practice (Srivastava, 2007). This concept is simply to produce more quality (environment friendly) output from less input. Reducing waste and pollution, and using less energy and material resources, are obviously good for the environment and evidently, are the best for supply chain because they cut the operational cost. Waste minimization is being considered as an important strategy towards attaining a green supply chain. Milk supply chain is more concerned with controlling the milk quality and supply fluctuations which are unique to this sector. Here, traditional supply chain is upgraded to highly effective value system that creates more value to all the partners in the supply chain. The Sri Lankan supply chain for milk and milk products is affected by wastage and poor handling. Wastage occurs due to presence of multiple points of handling. Contamination of milk can lead to huge economical losses. Contamination occurs at different levels: at farm level, during collection and storage, and at processing centers. Shortage of cold storage facilities and refrigerated transport equipments lead to inefficiencies in handling milk and milk products. Thus there is a compelling requirement for appropriate infrastructure facilities for temperature controlled warehouses, bowsers, wholesale and retail shops, etc. where storage and transportation activities are taking place. By practicing improved supply chain management practices, there will be a significant reduction in the wastages of milk and milk products which in turn will benefit both the farmers as well as the consumers by means of increased returns and decrease in prices respectively.
Background investigation of Career Development initiatives and outcomes: A special reference to Commercial Banks in Uva Province
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Sutha, J
Note: See the PDF Version In a highly competitive era, and a complex business environment, organizations not only stick with local market, but also try to expand in to the international/ global markets, by using different corporate-level strategies. If the organization is to cope with these dynamic changes in the local as well as international markets it is important that it manages its people in a proper way by establishing human resource strategies at different levels especially with regards to planning and managing their careers (Baruch, 2004). According to the resource based view approach, human resource is considered as a valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable resource. A good programmer of career planning enables the organization to empower their own human capital and thereby encouraging the spirit of creativity, entrepreneurship, and innovation among their employees. A well-structured career development system facilitates the organization to enhance their in-house talent for staffing and promotion by matching the experience, skills, and aspirations of individuals to the needs of the organizations. Therefore, considering the importance of the career development, this paper developed a model to identify the different types of initiatives of career development, its outcomes and the necessity to maintain sustainability in career development in organizations. Commercial banks in the Uva province were chosen for this study where this conceptual model was empirically applied and tested upon. In this context, a 'career' has been defined as a lifelong process made up of a sequence of activities and related attitudes or behaviors that take place in a person's work life (Hail and Associates, 1986). According to the Leibowitz et al. (1986) the career development involves an organized, formalized, planned effort to achieve a balance between the individual's career needs and the organization's work force requirements. Obviously, with proper career planning and career management, an individual expects to harvest the result of such investment by attaining career development. Greenhaus, Callanan and Godshalk (2000) suggests that career development is an ongoing process by which individuals progress through a series of stages, each of which is characterized by a relatively unique set of issues, themes, and tasks. Furthermore, Hall and Associates (1986) define career development as the outcome emanating from the interaction of individual career planning and institutional career management processes. This idea of career planning and development initiatives fostering organizational effectiveness depends on the organization's ability to transform employees from a traditional pattern of expectation to one of increased responsibility for their own career growth and development (Martin et al., 2001). Apart from that Chen et al. (2004) surveyed the capability of career development programmers in responding to career needs at different career stages and the influence on job satisfaction, professional development and productivity among the R&D personnel. Furthermore, Noordin et al., 2002 have stated that career development opportunities support career commitment initiatives among employees. Therefore, based on the literature survey, this study took career planning and career management as input variables, career development as an intervening variable and Job satisfaction, job performance and career commitment as output variables. This study mainly focused on to determine the impact of (a) career development initiatives on career development and (b) career development on career outcome of employees' in Commercial Banks in Uva Province, to assess the degree of linkage between career planning and career development, career management and career development in Commercial Banks at Uva Province, to assess the degree of linkage between career development and job satisfaction, job performance, and career commitment in Commercial Banks at Uva province.
Bioactivity of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl), Tagetes erecta L. and Lantana camara L. against Grain storage Pests Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2011) Gunathilake, G.G.V.L.; Henagamage, A.P.; Karunathilake, A.A.K.; Hapuarachchi, H.A.C.S.
Note: See the PDF Version According to the viewpoint of economists, farmers have an opportunity to take advantages of seasonal price rises, but the benefits can only be achieved if grain is deal longer on the farm with no deterioration in quality. Then it appears the necessity of post-harvest management. Post-harvest deterioration of grains is principally causal by bi0logical spoilage organisms including insects, fungi and small vertebrates (Golob e/ at., 2002). Control of these insects relies heavily on the use of synthetic insecticides and fumigants. But their widespread use has led to some serious problems including development of insect strains resistant to insecticides, toxic residues on stored grain, toxicity to consumer and increasing costs of application (Jbilou et at., 2006; Golob ei at., 1999), Thus, several of natural plant extracts had been tried in the control grain storage pest insects with the view of advantages such as local availability, little or no toxicity to humans and simple preparation procedures (Okigbo ei at., 2009). The present study was undertaken to analyze the insecticidal activity of Laiitana carnal a L., Tagetes erecta L. and Tilhonia ‹diversifolia (Hemsl) with the aim of development of plant base insecticidal fumigants to apply on grain storage pests. These are underutilized plants in Sri Lanka which are heavily used in conventional farming to eliminate insects. Also they have been shown to have repellent and insecticidal activities against certa in insects (Adedire ct at., 2004, Nike:on e/ ml., 2009; Ogendo e/ n/. 2004). Insects, red flower beetle, Tribolium caslaneum (Herbst) is considered as a major pest of stored grains (Jbilou e/ uf., 2006).
Can Organizational Culture Make Impact on the Growth of Customer Base in Hospitality Industry? An Evaluation with special Reference to Trincomalee District
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Najeeb, J.; Jayawardhana, A.A.K.K.
Note: See the PDF Version Organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning held by members that distinguish organization from other organizations (Stephen and Timothy, 2009). According to Stephen and Timothy (2009), there are seven primary characteristics of the organizational culture. They include innovation and risk taking, attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness and stability. In the last few decades, Sri Lanka has attained a significant growth in the service sector and its contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment has risen in a considerable manner during the period from 1980 to 2007. As far as the tourism industry in Sri Lanka is concerned it is getting more significant developments in recent years (Central bank Report, 2009). Consequently, hotel industry has taken a new entrance and considered as a mode of foreign income. However, the customers find difficulties when the organization changes the organization frequently and that might cause to lower the customer loyalty. Customer loyalty and growth of the customer base are the most important challenges faced by most of chief executive officers across the world (Ball, 2004). Accordingly, this research aimed to identify the nature of the organizational culture and the growth of the customer base of the hotel industry and to identify the relationship between the characteristics of organizational culture and growth of the customer base in hotel industry with special reference to Trincomalee District.
Car Park Navigation and Management System: A Software Solution
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Dilangi, W.G.C.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.
The Car Park Management and Navigation System is a system designed to reduce the number of problems associated with parking cars. Aims of this project are to create a systematic method of parking cars, to reduce congestion in parking lots and to prevent the occurrence of indiscriminate parking. Parking in the urban areas has become increasingly part and parcel of successful business; more and more shoppers get attracted to organized shopping complexes where ample, secure and effectively managed parking is provided. This project has focused on developing software that will effectively manage the parking facilities and manage parking in order to optimize the use of limited parking spaces and increase customer satisfaction. To achieve this objective, a qualitative and quantitative research design was used whereby survey used as the research instruments in data collection
Characterization of Phaseolous vulgaris L.(Common Bean) Accessions Collected from Farmer Fields by Using Morphological Characters
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Kanakwatta, J.M.R.A.B.; Ariyarathna, H.M.; Alwis, L.M.H.R.
Common bean Phaseolous vulgaris L is a major and popular vegetable in Sri Lanka which belongs to the family Leguminosae. In Sri Lanka, bean is mainly cultivated in Badulla, Nuwara Eliya, Kandy, Rathnapura and Matale districts (Prabaharan, 2004). Different bean varieties have been recommended by the Department of Agriculture considering their desirable morphological characters. The yield of those recommended Sri Lankan varieties are less than those varieties in the world and they are susceptible to the major diseases and pest attacks (Prabaharan, 2004). The landraces developed by natural process of selection at farmers' fields may bear precious characters. These landraces may be among the accessions collected from the farmer fields. The objective of this research is to characterize different accessions collected from the farmers' fields to be used in bean breeding programs
Collaborative Knowledge Centralization Approach via self Propagating Multi Agent Community Development
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Koggalahew, D.N.; Amararachchi, J.L.; Pilapitiya, S.U.; Tharanga, K.G.D.
Note: See the PDF Version Most researchers in Artificial Intelligence to date, have dealt with developing theories, techniques, and systems to study and understand the behavior and reasoning properties of a single cognitive entity. Al has matured, and its' endeavors were capable of addressing more complex, realistic, and large-scale problems. Such problems are beyond the capabilities of an individual agent. The capacity of an intelligent agent is limited by its knowledge and its computing resources Sycara, 1998). Multi agent systems can be defined as loosely coupled networks of independent entities called agents, which have individual capabilities, knowledge and resources, and which interact to share their knowledge and resources, and to solve problems beyond their individual capabilities (Wikipedia, 2010). The issue of knowledge sharing has been an important topic in multi-agent research. SESEME will address most of the above mentioned limitations in this domain and the final deliverable will be an agent society which is capable of self-learning and training new agents. Agents' communication is one of the defining characteristics of a multi agent system. In traditional linguistic analysis, the communication is taken to have a certain form (syntax), to carry a certain meaning (semantics), and to be influenced by various circumstances of the communication. SESEME can be differentiated from many other past efforts that have been carried on. SESEME addresses the problem of self-learning by agent itself (Capable of taking the knowledge as it is and no human enrolment).Efficient Methodology of Knowledge Representation using ontology and its own experience. Introducing a new methodology of knowledge distribution and train other agents. Instantiate new agents relevant to the domain. The system starts its learning process once it receives a text document (in .doc, pdf and .html formats) or even it receives an URL from the domain expert. First the system identifies the given content by using natural language processing and it ignores the ambiguity, complexity and the conflicts among the read content. The read content will be used to create or update its knowledge over the specified domain. The Centralized Self learning module (CESLM) is been facilitated with some additional features like adoption of existing ontology and domain experts feedbacks. Each sub agent consists of an ontology that represents its basic knowledge retrieved from CESLM and the system facilitates the updating of sub agent's knowledge
Comparative Efficacy of Selected Insecticides in Comparison with Chlorpyrifos to Control Tobacco Cutworm (Spodoptera litura)
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Weerawansha, A.N.R.; Abeysekara, N.N.R.; Ranawana, S.R.W.M.C.J.K.
Cigarette tobacco production is done by the registered farmers of Ceylon Tobacco Company for a pre-trade agreement while other types are grown purely on freelance basis and hence cigarette tobacco production has a better accountability. It is a great matter of concern that, tobacco plant is susceptible for cutworm damage during its life cycle eventually making inconsistent production. It causes a considerable damage to the tobacco plant particularly in the vegetative growth. The cutworm damage is more severe in the field level and in many cases it is present in the nursery level too. The Ceylon Tobacco Company has clearly discovered the demerits of the prevailing pest and chemical control has been playing a leading role for a long period of time as it has become more successful in its efficacies. The company commonly uses Chlorpyrifos 40 EC, a broad spectrum contact insecticide, which belongs to the chemical group of Organophosphate. Direct application of organophosphate insecticides including Chlorpyrifos is toxic and causes environmental pollution. In the environment, the organophosphate insecticide residues and the degraded ingredients pollute the soil, water, air and food. These compounds harm not only non beneficial insects but also beneficial insects, beneficial soil organisms and other animals including human beings. Therefore, usage of Chlorpyrifos is supposed to be phased out from the tobacco cultivations in the island wide. The objective of this study was to find a possible alternative to Chlorpyrifos to reduce environmental toxicity.
Cost Reduction of Brine Shrimp by Replacing of Low Cost Live Culture (Moina, microworms) for Fresh Water Fish Guppy (Poecilia reticulate)
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) De Silva, G.W.H.P.N.; Jayamanne, S.C.; Hewavitharana, M.
Note: See the PDF Version Ornamental fish farming is an expanding industry and its global export trade has grown steadily and today it is a multimillion dollar industry in many countries (Andrews, 1990). Sri Lanka contributes approximately 1% of the world's demand for ornamental fish. The demand for the fresh water fish is quite does not meet the demand because there are so many constraints related with the fresh water ornamental fish farming. The major constraint is the cost of feed especially during the stage of the post larva and fry. Anemia (brine shrimp) nauplii is the most common live food used in commercial larviculture of fresh water ornamental fish (Dahlgren and Phang. 1985; Kim et al.,1996) and the cost of 400 g of cysts is nearly Rs.4000.00. The present study aimed to find a suitable low cost live food which can replace high cost Anemia in aquariums giving more profits to the ornamental fish traders. Two live food species, Moina and Micro worms, which can be reared easily with very low cost are selected for the study and their suitability in rearing post larval stage and fiy stage of guppy (Poecilia reticulata) was tested under aquarium conditions.
Customer Orientation and Firm Performance with Reference to Licensed Commercial Banks in Galle District: Proposals for Improvements
(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Sandaruwan, S.D.S.P.; Rohan, D.N.N.
Note: See the PDF Version Most markets are moving towards a more market and customer oriented approach as customers have become more knowledgeable and required more variety and better quality of the products. Accordingly, customer orientation is the set of beliefs that puts the customer's interest first, while not excluding those of all other stakeholders such as owners, managers, employees in order develop a long term profitable enterprise (Deshpande et at., 1993). Tailor (2007), illustrates that marketing is not about providing products and services, it is essentially about providing changing benefits to the changing needs and demands of customers. The financial system in Sri Lanka is one of the rapidly booming sectors in the economy. It is comprised with different aspects and different financial institutions. Banking industry is playing a vital role in the Sri Lankan financial system and the foremost division within the banking industry is Licensed Commercial Banks (LCBs) (Central Bank, Sri Lanka, 2009). LCBs is the single most important category of the financial institutions in the banking sector in terms of asset base and the magnitude of services provided. However, in case of facing the huge competition within the industry, the companies have been introducing new systems and innovative approaches to attract customers. In case of providing the services to the customers, the service should be offered in such a way that it is fast, efficient and friendly. The company should be able to identify the customer needs and wants clearly and fulfill them satisfactorily at the right time. Companies should be able to build up healthy relationships with their customers by being customer oriented and this has become an essential matter of conducting the business today. Accordingly, in the modern business environment, customer is considered as the king and therefore customer orientation in business practices has been a dominant strategy in the business field. This has been identified as a major tool in the modern context of business so as to beat the competition. With such a background, the major objective of this study was to examine the relationship between customer orientation and firm performance in LCBs Sector. In addition, the second objective was to demonstrate the strategies that can be used by LCBs sector to improve the firm performances through customer orientation.

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