Impact of Glass Ceiling Effect on Women’s Career Progress: Evidence from Three, Four- and Five-Star Hotels in Kandy District
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Date
2017
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Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to identify the Impact of the Glass Ceiling Effect on Women’s Career
Progress at Three, Four, and Five-Star Hotels in Kandy District, which comes under the Human
Resource Management subjective area under Gendered Organizational Theory. This research
focused on five main glass-ceiling determinants as independent variables. They were; Family and
Social Commitment, Internal Job Mobility, Organizational Culture, Level of Job Performance,
Level of Educational and Professional Qualifications. Women's Empowerment was the mediator
of this research study, while Women’s Career progress was the dependent variable. To conduct the
research study effectively, the researcher established research questions and built general and
specific research objectives based on the research questions. They were; to identify the impact of
the glass ceiling effect on women empowerment, to identify the determinants that affect women's
career progress, identify the impact of glass ceiling determinants on women's empowerment, and
to identify the impact of the glass ceiling effect and women's career progress through women
empowerment at 3 and above star hotels in Kandy District. This study was done based on the
primary and secondary data gathered by the researcher. Primary data were collected through a self administered questionnaire, which was share through the google form and 15 questionnaires were
distributed physically. All together questionnaire was distributed among 123 respondents along
with the Simple Random Sampling method during the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022. The
data was processed and analyzed using SPSS (descriptive analysis) and structural equation
modeling in Smart PLS. According to the analysis, demographic factors did not show a strong
significance to the research. As well as, according to the hypothesis testing, only H2 (There is an
impact of IJM on WE) and H8 (There is an impact of OC on WCP) were rejected due to having a
lower P-Value than 0.05. Other than Internal Job Mobility and Level of Educational and
Professional Qualification, mediator had a significant impact on the dependent variable. In
conclusion, this research was able to answer all the research questions while achieving research
objectives. By conducting awareness programs for the family members and society and
encouraging colleagues groups to appreciate women workers, delegate authority when and where
necessary, give opportunities for the women employees for the job enrichment, enlargement, and
job rotation help to uplift their career progress. Moreover rebuilding organizational structure by
designing job descriptions and specifications that are beneficial for female workers, allocating
flexible working hours, and designing a work-friendly environment helpsto empower women while
uplifting their career progress. Doing necessary and unbiased performance appraisals and based on
that providing training and rewards make up the career growth of women as a success. Providing
scholarships and allocating flexible working environment to enhance the educational and
professional qualifications of the women helps to achieve their personal goals while ending up with
a qualified women workforce in the hotel sector. These are some recommendations to overcome
barriers in the hotel sector women's career progress through women empowerment. Future
researchers can do qualitative research regarding the same research study where they can expose
several other issues related to women's career progress in the hotel sector. In addition, research can
done on women’s career progress by considering all the types of hotels in Sri Lanka as the site.
Keywords; Glass Ceiling Effect, Family and Social Commitment, Internal Job Mobility,
Organizational Culture, Level of Job Performance, Level of Educational and Professional
Qualifications, Women Empowerment, Women Career Progress
Description
Keywords
Hospitality, Tourism and Events Management degree programme (HTE)