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Item 2D to 3D Image Visualizer(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Bandara, P.B.M.M.A.; Wickramarathna, S.D.H.S.The ordinary photographs are only considered about just an individual photograph itself. Since these photographs act individual character in a scene there is no way to visualize a connection between them. Also browsing of each captured photographs is not relative to other though these photographs are in the same scene. But there is a possible way to reorganize the relative position and orientation of ordinary photographs which are captured by a digital camera device. That is, reorganize the important features on each photographs using feature detection algorithm, then match each photograph by matching these features, then estimate the relative camera pose against each photograph in order to calculate relative replacement and orientation of each photographs on 3D environment. It is useless to calculate the 3D replacement without visualizing them, because the real world scenes are in 3D environment. Therefore, 3D visualizer, to visualize all calculated photographs is developed with very user friendly and interactive way. This project is to develop a system for interactively browsing and exploring unstructured collections of photographs of a scene using a three-dimension interface.Item Abundance and Diversity of Ichthyoplankton in the West Coast of Sri Lanka, from Kelani River Estuary to Maha Oya Estuary(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019-02) Silva, A.P.R.; Rathnasuriya, M.I.G.; Guruge, K.P.G.K.P.; Jayasinghe, R.P.P.K.Fundamental understanding of fish resources has become an urgent need in Sri Lanka for the sustainable management of fish stocks. As studies on ichthyoplankton (fish eggs and larvae) in Sri Lankan coastal waters are scarce, a preliminary study was carried out with the aim to find the abundance, distribution and composition of ichthyoplankton in the west coast. Samples were collected in five stations bordering Kelani river estuary, Negombo lagoon and Maha Oya estuary in the west coast where human interactions are relatively high. Horizontal surface sample and a vertical sample were collected from each station using Working Party 2 (WP2) plankton net (180 µm mesh size) for three months in 2018: March, September and October representing 1st inter-monsoon, Southwest monsoon and 2nd inter-monsoon respectively. Fish eggs and larvae were separated from plankton and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level under the stereo microscope using the standard keys. A total of 4095 fish eggs and 465 fish larvae belonging to 23 families were collected from the study area. An average abundance of 8772 eggs and 996 larvae per 1000 m3 were recorded. Most abundant taxonomic level in each month were, Family Siganidae in March, Family Blennidae in September and Order Clupeiformes in October. The highest abundance of fish eggs was found in Station 3 (22158 per 1000 m3 in vertical sample and 13934 per 1000 m3 in horizontal surface sample) and larvae was found in Station 4 (1196 per 1000 m3 in vertical sample and 2537 per 1000 m3 in horizontal surface sample) which is located adjacent to Maha Oya estuary, showing estuaries’ ecological services as nursery grounds for early stages of fish. This study infers that there is a high pelagic and demersal fish diversity and abundance in the west coast of Sri Lanka. Since this is a preliminary study, comprehensive studies on the spatial and temporal variation of abundance and diversity of ichthyoplankton in Sri Lankan waters are recommended.Item Abundance and Diversity of Reef Associated Fish Species in the Eastern Coast of Sri Lanka(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2020) Ramawickrama, N. W.; Thilakarathne, E. P. D. N.; Herath, H. M. T. N. B.; Malshani, P. K. T.; Egodauyana, K. P. U. T.Reef fishes are important marine fauna that provides benefits to reef ecosystems. Although their ecological role is extremely important for the healthiness of the coral reef ecosystem, marine ornamental fishing industry, coastal food fish industry, tourism industry, and lack of monitoring and caring, severely degrade reef fish stocks in the eastern coast of Sri Lanka. Since it is highly important to keep up to date scientific records, a survey was conducted in the final quarter of 2019 using fish belt transect method by snorkeling and/or diving over five selected sites; Passikudah, Kayankerni, Adukkuparu, Parrot rock, and Pigeon island as major and most important reefs in Eastern coast. Threats on sites were identified by visual observation and questioner surveying. 289 reef fish species belonging to 41 families were recorded from all five sites. Reef fish species of each site recorded as 41, 131, 31, 103, and 156 respectively. The highest abundance of fish was recorded in the Kayankerni reef, with a greater number of Damselfish and their abundance was increased from shallow (1 m) to deeper (5 m) area while the lowest abundance was recorded in the Adukkuparu reef. The highest biodiversity (0.96), species richness (103), and evenness (0.65) were recorded in the Parrot rock which may due to the highest recorded coral diversity (0.93) and lives coral cover (70%) of the reef. Lowest reef fish diversity (0.68) was recorded in the Passikudah reef which may due to the low coral diversity of the reef (21% live coral cover) but with the highest (51%) algae cover. Marine ornamental fish trade, tourist attraction, invasive species, and pollution were the majorly identified threats to reef fish stocks in the eastern coast of Sri Lanka. Acanthaster planci and Halimeda sp. are the identified invasive species. Reef fish species and Coral reefs on the eastern coast are in highly threaten level and the Parrot rock and the Kayankerni reefs are recommended to declare as marine national parks. Keywords: Reef fish, Coral reefs, Eastern coast of Sri Lanka, Kayankerni and Pigeon IslandItem An Academic Attendance Tracking System(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Fernando, N.N.C.; Dissanayake, B.A.K.Most of the academic institutions in Sri Lanka use pen and paper to track attendance of students. When working with primary materials there can be wrong calculations, students can cheat lecturers, consume a lot of time to sign and sometimes reduce attention to the lectures. Therefore to assist this process a computerized attendance monitoring system is required. Basically this system is intended for the universities but also it suites for the schools as well. This proposed system is capable of tracking students' attendance with the help of a fingerprint scanner and a personal computer. There are two major parts in this project. The first part is tracking students' attendance in the lectures by using a fingerprint reader and storing the data in a database. To develop this functionality vb.net was used as the computer language and mySQL was used as the database server. The second part consists of a website which allows students to view their attendance as well as lecturers to view their students' attendance in the lectures. Through the website the administrator can send SMS to the students who have not obtained eighty percent of attendance level and generate reports for the administration purposes. PHP was used as the main language to develop this system. The system is also capable to handle user management functionalities such as adding a new user, deleting a user, change attendance, changing user details and adding or deleting data in the database. The work presented here describes the testing and evaluation of the system on a sample data set gathered from Uva Wellassa University. This project developed a prototype for the future implementation of student attendance monitoring system and a technology based reliable solution to support the university students' attendance tracking process. Key words: mySQL, PHPItem Accumulation of Proline in Plants of Mangrove and Maritime Ecosystems in Southern Wet Zone of Sri Lanka(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019-02) Jayathilake, W.W.N.T.; Nallaperuma, N.A.W.R.; Yapa, P.N.Mangroves and maritime plants are the only halophytes living at the influence of land and sea, and occupy tropical and subtropical coastline. Mangrove and maritime communities are recognized as part of the marine ecosystem and are highly productive ecosystems. Saline habitats represent a physiological challenge for plants because of the highly negative water potential of the soil water, making water acquisition difficult. Osmotically active solutes such as mannitol, proline, glycinebetaine and triterpenoids are necessary to reduce water potential in cell cytoplasm. The present study was done with the objective of estimating the accumulation of proline in leaves of mangroves, mangrove associates and maritime plants in Southern wet zone of Sri Lanka. Proline concentrations in leaves of 12 mangroves, 5 mangrove associates and 15 maritime plants were measured by following the standard procedures with using UV/VIS spectrophotometer at 520 nm wave length. Further, proline concentrations were estimated in maritime plants of varying distances from the sea after plants were selected along the line transects of 200 m from the sea coast. Proline was accumulated in all tested mangrove, mangrove associates and maritime plant leaves with the varying concentrations. Among them significantly higher proline levels are found in the leaves of maritime plants Terminalia catappa, Flemingia strobilifera, Scaevola taccada, mangroves such as Nypa fruticans, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and mangrove associate Anona glabra. Further, according to Pearson correlation analysis, there was no correlation observed on average proline concentration of maritime plants leaves and changing distances of 200 m from the sea coast (p= 0.477). An increment of proline accumulation was evident in majority of plant species of mangroves, mangrove associates and maritime vegetation in Southern wet zone of Sri Lanka under salt stress.Item An Accurate Indoor Navigation Method Using Radio Signals and Machine Learning Techniques(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019-02) Nimaladasa, M.B.C.K.; Herath, H.H.S.B.; Koshila, P.K.; Wimaladharma, S.C.T.I.Navigation is the process of identifying positions of the passengers and then display feasible paths to guide them to their destinations. Global Positioning System (GPS) is suitable for outdoor navigation. Due to the lack of GPS signal reception inside buildings, new technologies should be emerged for navigating inside the buildings and covered areas. The main objective of this study is to propose an accurate and reliable schema to navigate passengers inside unfamiliar indoor environments along the shortest path to their destinations. The proposed navigation process consists of tracking the passenger, identifying shortest path and continuously guide passengers to their destinations on the fly. Triangulation technique is employed on Wi-Fi signals coming from at least three WiFi routers to identify the position of the passenger. Wi-Fi routers are recognized using their MAC addresses and then triangulation algorithm is applied. Proximity algorithm is used together with triangulation algorithm to increase accuracy. The map of the indoor area is scaled via x and y axes and positions are identified as coordinates of it. The path to the destination is animated through these coordinates. Shortest path between current and destination location is calculated using Dijkstra’s algorithm. Prototypical development is achieved by proofing the concept for feasibility of the proposed indoor navigation architecture. It can be concluded that, a significant accuracy can be achieved by using Wi-Fi technology, triangulation algorithm, proximity algorithm and Dijkstra’s algorithm. Further improvements on accuracy of proposed indoor navigation architecture can be achieved by incorporating Radio Frequency Identification or Bluetooth beacons technologies together with Wi-Fi technology.Item An Accurate Multiple Sequence Alignment Algorithm for Biological Sequence Sets with High Length Variations(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Jayasingha, J.A.D.T.B.; Wannige, C.T.Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is used for many studies in modern biology. There are many algorithms available for the alignment of multiple sequences. Among them, progressive alignment algorithm is the most commonly used heuristic alignment strategy for MSA. It solves MSA with an economic complexity but does not provide accurate solutions, because there is a conflict between accuracy and complexity. The existing similarity score method in progressive alignment algorithm does not consider the lengths of the sequences in the considered sequence set. So, if the protein or DNA sequences are with high length variations, the initial alignment scores may not produce a correct measure of similarity between the sequences. This leads to less accurate initial alignment scores, and as a consequence, final multiple sequence alignment may produce inaccurate results. In this research, we present a modified progressive alignment algorithm especially for sequences with high length variations. We modify the latest version of ClustalW 2.1 by replacing the similarity distance measure in ClustalW algorithm with a novel distance measure. The new distance score method captures the distance between each sequence pairs in sequence set and the obtained distance measure is utilized to generate a better guide tree for progressive alignment. In order to determine the pairwise similarity distance measure, we used lengths of the shortest common super-sequence (SCS) and the Longest Common Sub-sequence (LCS). We assessed our algorithm with BALIBASE 3.0 protein benchmark and compared the obtained results to those obtained with ClustalW alignment algorithm using the Quality score (Q Score) and the Sum of Pairs Score (SPS). We obtained better Q scores and SP scores for the alignments from modified ClustalW algorithm over original ClustalW algorithm. Furthermore, the alignment speed of modified ClustalW algorithm is multiple times faster than the original ClustalW algorithm. KeywordsItem Active and Passive Safety System for Differently Abled People and Adults(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2020) Senanayake, D.D.B.; Kumari, K.W.S.N; Thevathyaraj, T.15% of the world population encompasses the differently-abled community of a diversified range. It is a vivid fact that enough attention is not being paid towards the differently-abled ones who are residing within the residence, such where the guardian is not available. Hence research was conducted to produce a developed asset that supports in detecting and generating a signal during where the utmost care and attention are required. The developed asset is carried out as an oriented scenario of assistive technology being supported by video and image processing. The potential study in this regard is almost a success and improvements can be done by adding some advanced features such as facial expression detection system and emergency alert on the health care provider. Keywords: Safety system, Differently abled safety, Adults safety, Assistive technologyItem Adaptation to Climate Change by Up Country Vegetable Farmers(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2020) Samarakoon, P. S. M. K. J.; Gunathilaka, R. P. D.In Sri Lanka, climate change impact is the second most gravely affecting reason for food insecurity and agriculture is the most vulnerable sector to climate change. Specifically, vegetables, legumes, coarse grains, and potatoes are likely to be adversely affected. Thus, the need for adaptation is pressing for these seasonal cropping systems given the importance of climate change impacts on livelihoods. For successful adaptation policies and recommendations should be formulated based on a robust analysis of factors influencing farmers’ decision to adopt. Based on a cross-sectional survey conducted for upcountry vegetable farmers, the study elucidates farmers' perceptions of climate change, ongoing adaptation measures, factors influencing farmers' decisions to adapt, and constraints. Data were collected from 150 farmers in Nuwaraeliya, Welimada, Badulla, and Bandarawela divisional secretariat areas. Multinomial logit model analyses factors affecting to the adaptation by farmers. Results indicate gender, education level, farming experience, income, willingness to take credit, the extension on the crop, climate change information, farmer to farmer extension, total annual rainfall, and average annual temperature as the significant factors. Further, early or late planting, crop or variety switching and intensive use of inputs are the commonly used current adaptation options. Results explain that farmers lack climate information. Moreover, higher costs to adapt and lack of vigorous seeds impede adaptation. The study suggests educating farmers about potential adaptation options is pivotal. Moreover, policies related to education, adaptation cost, and vegetable seed importation should be amended to promote adaptation. Providing comprehensive climate change information and improved crop extension service are the practices that need governmental support. Furthermore, intensive studies on climate change and networking farmers to initiate an information portal will nurture climate change adaptation. Keywords: Climate change adaptation, Upcountry vegetable farmers, Multinomial logit modelItem Adoption of Eco-Friendly Technologies in Paddy Farming in Sri Lanka as an Alternative to Chemical Fertilizer: Exploring the Farmer Perceptions(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019) Lakmali, C.D.A.; De Silva, L.H.N.; Mudalige, U.K.J.; Dharmakeerthi, R.S.; Dandeniya, W.S.; Balasooriya, W.K.There is a greater interest among scientists to develop Eco-Friendly Technologies (EFTs) for paddy farming, from one hand, to reduce chemical fertilizer usage, and to safeguard food supply and ecosystem health, on the other. This paper explores the attitudes and perceptions of farmers that trigger them to use certain EFTs produced such as (‘slow release fertilizer’, ‘organic carbon’, and ‘microbes’) produced through a multi-phased project funded by National Research Council of Sri Lanka. These EFTs were incorporated into the root ball of the rice plant at the nursery stage and then healthy seedlings were planted in the field by using the ‘Parachute Technique’ method (i.e. alternative technology to other modes of seed establishment including ‘broadcasting’ and ‘transplanting’). Farmers from Anuradhapura and Kurunegala districts (n=80) were selected to collect data in terms of farmer attitudes and perceptions linked with six key criteria related to these EFTs including: (1) ‘Regulation’; (2) ‘Cost’; (3) ‘Environment’; (4) ‘Performance’; (5) ‘Services’, and (6) ‘Acceptance’. The possible effects of each criterion were written in the form of attitudinal statements and supported by a 10-point likert-scale. The scores provided by farmers on each statement were subjected to the tests on Scale Reliability and Unidimensionality and then used to derive Aggregate Mean Scores. Results suggested that, ‘Parachute Technique’ was better than broadcasting with respect to Regulation (1.44), Environment (-2.49) and Performance (-1.57). The farmer perception on parachute technique was ‘poor’ only for Service (0.19) when compared to transplanting. The outcome of the analysis highlights the importance of generating private and market-based incentives for farmers as potential end-users to encourage adoption of EFTs in paddy cultivation. Further, availability of related services and facilitative institutional framework will have a direct impact on the adoption of such EFTs.Item Adoption of IT Practices with Suppliers and its Impact on Operational Performance: E-Business Perspective (With Special Reference to Travel Agencies in Colombo District)(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019) Fernando, W.A.C.; Fasana, S.F.; Nawarathne, A.M.D.B.Across the industries, firms have adopted e-business initiatives to better manage their internal business processes as well as their interfaces with the environment. Development of the technology changed the travel and tourism industry and tourists are moving towards online methods. This creates a competitive environment to the traditional travel agencies. It is important for travel agencies to maintaining a better relationship with suppliers to deliver a quality service to the customers. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to examine and test a moderating effect of supplier relationship quality which integrates the Information Technology (IT) with suppliers (i.e. e-procurement and e-communication) and operational performance in the SME travel agency. Primary data was collected from a sample of 72 SME travel agencies in Colombo district registered under Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority and random sampling method was adopted. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis techniques were used to analyze data and Adrew Hayes Process Macro was utilized to identify the moderation role of selected variables. Research finding indicated that e-procurement and e-communication have a positive relationship with operational performance. Eprocurement significantly and positively influences on operational performance while there is no significant effect found between e-communication and operational performance. Furthermore, supplier relationship quality moderates the effect with the eprocurement and operational performance of SME travel agencies. Results suggested that, even IT adoption of SME travel agencies are in a considerable level, furthermore traditional travel agencies should develop their IT practices with the suppliers and strengthen the relationship quality with suppliers to survive in the travel and tourism industry.Item Adoption of Machinery in Tea Cultivation and Management by Tea Small Holders in Kalutara District(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Karunathilaka, U.M.; Dharmadasa, R.A.P.I.S.; Premathilaka, K.G.; Nakandala, D.M.J.Use of machinery is a vital investment to enhance the productivity and overall performance of the tea industry. It is considered to be a better solution for the problems of labor shortage and high cost of production. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the adoption level of machinery. A sample of 154 tea small holders in Kalutara district was selected using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and by interviewing the tea small holders at their residences. Data were analyzed using descriptive techniques as well as a Tobit regression model. According to the results of the descriptive analysis, overall adoption level of machineries is 12.73%. Small holders have higher adoption regarding pruning machine (29.22%) and TR1 selective tea harvester (20.13%) while lower adoption on Holing machine (7.14%), Fuel operated plucking machine (5.19%) and Battery operated plucking machine (1.95%).The Tobit regression analysis revealed that farming experience, gender, family labor, information by TRI, land ownership and yield positively affect the adoption level while educational level of the farmer, age of the farmer and time spending in the tea land negatively affect the adoption level of machinery. Therefore, more attention should be given on these significant variables to find the appropriate strategies for increasing the machinery usage by tea small holders in the study area. Awareness programs on machineries should be arranged frequently to improve the knowledge and awareness of the tea small holders in Kalutara district.Item Adult-Recruit Spatial Association of Shorea Species Determined by Topographic Variation in a Mixed-Dipterocarp Tropical Rainforest, Sri Lanka(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2021) Jayasinghe, G.J.M.S.R.; Wijekoon, P.; Wiegand, T.; Ediriweera, E.P.S.K.The spatial distribution of recruits around conspecific adults of woody species conveys detailed insights on the mechanisms governing species co-existence in tropical rainforests. Hence, we studied adult-recruit association of eight Shorea species (Shorea affinis, S. congestiflora, S. cordifolia, S. disticha, S. megistophylla, S. trapezifolia, S. stipularis, S. worthingtonii) in the Sinahraja Forest Dynamic Plot, using spatial point pattern analysis. The adult-recruit spatial patterns were extracted from four censuses in 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011 conducted at the plot. We used slope, elevation, aspect, curvature, topographic wetness index and seventeen soil nutrients as habitat variables. To assess the adult-recruit spatial relationship, we used two null models created by the pattern reconstruction method. The null model of independence distributed recruits independently on conspecific adults without considering habitat association, but maintained their observed aggregation. In contrast, the Heterogeneous Poisson Process considered additionally the effect of topographic variations. Departures from the null models were assessed by simulation envelopes and goodness-of- fit tests using the bivariate distribution function of nearest neighbor distances and the bivariate pair correlation function. S. trapezifolia and S. stipularis indicated independent placement of recruits around adults for all distance intervals of 1-120m while other species showed significant positive association, for all distance intervals of 1-50m. Thus, the majority of recruits of Shorea species showed positive associations with conspecifics adults at medium spatial scale which implies high interference of individuals of Shore species with conspecifics. Based on the fitted intensity functions of recruits, slope, elevation and soil nutrients were identified as the main environmental factors influencing the bivariate adult-recruit spatial distributions of Shorea species. Further, for S. stipularis, the fitted Heterogeneous Poisson Process described the observed pattern well (goodness-of-fit test‟s p-value = 0.15), which suggests that the adult-recruit pattern was mainly driven by habitat heterogeneity. However, departures from the null hypothesis of habitat heterogeneity were shown for all other Shorea species (goodness-of-fit tests‟ p-values < 0.05). We conclude that the heterogeneous environment alone is insufficient to explain the observed patterns of recruits around conspecific adults of Shorea species. Consequently, the impact of other mechanisms on conspecific adult-recruit association should also be studied. Keywords: Adult-recruit association; Intraspecific; Habitat heterogeneity; Heterogeneous Poisson Process; Tropical rainforestItem Advanced Failover and Failback Management in Server System(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Sabethan, V.; Kumarapathirana, K.P.S.D.Failover is the capability to automatically switch over to an extra application server which is in standby mode, upon the failure or abnormal termination of the original ipplication server. This happens without human interference and generally without giving the warning. Failback involves the process of restoring a system in a state of failover back to its original state. When a failure occurred in local server, it will be put in suspended state by making its fence lower. At the same time, the recovery member's state will be active to receive connections by making its fence up. It will activate the recovery server. Though there are many failover failback systems, it is very essential to enhance the features of the present system. The proposed system will provide enhanced performance, efficient resource utilization, advanced communication between agents, higher availability and reliability. Shoal-C++, the proposed cluster management framework, provides the foundation for network configuration, and dynamic and autonomous cluster formation. The ultimate goals of the system is to build a library, which consist of GMS client API and GMS SPI. Each machine in the group/network has implemented the signals Join, Joined and ready, Failure suspected, Failure notify, Failure recovery and Planned shutdown in their application to successful identify the nodes and get work done. Grouping of servers (Clustering) gives solution to solve two significant problems: fault tolerance and load balancing. The existing Shoal-C++ is concentrated on the component fail over, but the mirrored component is started from its beginning at failover and fallback implementation. Key words: Failback, Failover, Shoal-C++Item Agar-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte with KI and Tetrapropylammonium Iodide Salts for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2020) Nirodha, M.D.; Nishshanke, G.B.M.M.M.; Pitawala, H.M.J.C.; Bandara, T.M.W.J.At present, energy consumption is rising predominantly, thus low cost, renewable, and environmentally benign energy resources drag attraction extensively. Although many researches have been done on polymer electrolytes, there is a captivating direction to explore bio-polymer electrolytes in a quasi-solid state. In the present work, a novel gel polymer electrolyte was prepared by a hot press method utilizing tetrapropylammonium iodide (Pr4NI) and potassium iodide (KI) as the binary iodide salt system. Agar bio polymer was combined with the glycerol and formaldehyde solvents to obtain the quasisolid state polymer plasticizer matrix. The KI and tetrapropylammonium iodide weight ratio in the electrolyte was altered while keeping the masses of other ingredients constant to optimize the solar cell performance. Gel electrolytes displayed quite high viscosity while retaining a gel-like consistency at ambient temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results indicate a peak heightens gradually at 750 cm-1 with increasing Pr4NI salt amount. Electrical impedance spectroscopy was used to deduce the ionic conductivity of each electrolyte. The highest ionic conductivity of 3.39 mS cm−1 is achieved by the electrolyte sample only with KI at 26 °C as the contribution for ionic conductivity from small K+ cation is higher compared to the bulky Pr4N+ cation. The uniform shape of cyclic voltammetry curves of each electrolyte during 12 consecutive cycles with 5 min time steps revealed the stability of electrolytes. A dye-sensitized solar cell was assembled by inserting the highest conducting gel polymer electrolyte having Glass/FTO/TiO2/N719-Dye/GPE/Pt/Glass configuration. The dye-sensitized solar cell fabricated with the highest conducting electrolyte displayed an efficiency of 0.36% with JSC of 1.31 mA cm−2 , VOC of 0.4 V, and fill factor of 0.68. Keywords: Biopolymer, Gel polymer electrolyte, Agar, Tetrapropylammonium iodide, Dye-sensitized solar cellItem Agricultural Market Information System with Integrated Forecasting and Short Message Service (SMS) Accessibility(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Kadigamugedara, C.S.K.; Subhashini, L.D.C.S.Agriculture remains the major livelihood in most of the developing countries in Asian and Pacific region even at present. One of the major problems among the farmers of developing countries is the lack of knowledge of the market of their products. Farmer's participation in market is poor and they are being forced to sell their products to local middlemen at dumped prices. The Agricultural Market Information System with Integrated Forecasting and Short Message Service (SMS) Accessibility project presents an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solution to the problem by giving the timely and unbiased Agricultural Marketing Information. It helps farmers to gain profitable decisions in the short term on when and which market to produce, what price to produce and what price to expect. A GSM modem and an SMS Gateway application are used to send and receive the SMS messages. The Time series algorithm model was constructed to forecast the agricultural products' market prices. Through the empirical data testing, the average relative error was 2.91% for Samba Rice, which shows that this model can achieve good predicted results. This time series forecasting model can be used in forecasting the prices of various types of agricultural products, with a premise that having enough data of agricultural products in the model training to determine the model structure and parameters. Key words: Time series forecasting model, GSM modem, SMSItem Agricultural, Economical and Ecological Importance of Phoenix pusilla (Ceylon Date Palm) and Its Future Research Perspectives(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Hapuarachchi, N.S.; Warnakula, L.; Cooray, R.; Dayarathne, D.A.R.K.; Safeena, M.I.S.Phoenix pusilla, commonly known as Ceylon date palm (Indi) is a native palm species to Sri Lanka, belonging to the Family Arecaceae and Genus Phoenix. It is closely related but distinct from Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) by many morphological features. P.pusilla grows naturally in many parts of Northern and Eastern regions in Sri Lanka, and occasionally raised as an ornamental crop. It is considered as an underutilized fruit crop, and an untouched genetic resource, facing a severe genetic loss due to the negligence of the public and lack of scientific research. The aim of the review was to study the existing knowledge on agricultural, economical and ecological importance of P.pusilla. An extensive literature search was carried out in "Google scholar", "NCBI" and "AGRIS" databases using search terms "Ceylon date palm" and "P.pusilla" which resulted total of seven research articles. One study depicted that it is a multipurpose plant with many valuable traits, but with an inconsiderable attention within the country and globally. Three research papers showed the importance of its edible fruit in treating fever, hyperdipsia, consumption, cardiac and general debility, burning sensation, seminal weakness, and gasteropathy. Furthermore, leaflets have been used to weave mats, brooms and baskets. It is ecologically important as a nursing plant in improving degraded tropical dry evergreen forest landscapes, by conserving soil and maintaining favorable conditions for the growth of woody plants. It is highly drought tolerant and has been used to pollinate P.datylifera which has produced commercially valuable dwarf hybrids bearing seedless, edible fruits. In conclusion, further studies are essential to understand the physiology of P.pusilla to biotic and abiotic stresses, its ecological adaptations, nutritional and medicinal properties and phylogenetic relationships for the development as a cash crop and to improve other Phoenix species through interspecies hybridization.Item Algorithmic Aspects of Trees in Graph Theory: Identification and Application(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Gamachchige, N.T.S.G.; Udagedara, D.T.Note: See the PDF Version With the rapid advances of the computer technology, Mathematics and Computer Science have developed into two entirely separate disciplines. Since graphical approach lend themselves naturally as model for a variety of situations, including the hardware of computer and certain aspects of computer software, Graph Theory plays an increasingly important role within Computer Science. In the study of graphs, it soon becomes evident that efficient algorithms are necessary for solving problems of any significant magnitude. It has become fashionable to mention that there are applications of Graph Theory to some areas of Physics, Chemistry, Computer technology, Electrical and civil engineering, Sociology and Economics. Computers have made our daily activities easier with fast and highly accurate outcome. Since we find the applications of Graph Theory in almost all areas, using the computer to solve practical problems makes our task easy. Transforming of our problems into a form that can be understood by the computer is the task of a computer language. Algorithms are used for that purpose. This research consists of Algorithmic aspect of Trees in Graph Theory and is designed to emphasize the close tie between the theoretical and algorithmic aspect of Trees in Graph Theory. Rather than employing a specific computer language for presenting algorithms, the steps were used that are common to many languages. This research has introduced few algorithms, based on properties of Trees in Graph Theory, for practical problems which we often come across. A complexity analysis is also given for each algorithm. The main objective is to recognize the algorithms to solve real world problems using the properties of Trees in Graph Theory and the other objective is to apply these algorithms to solve some problems in day to day life.Item Allelopathic Effect of Weeds Extracts on Growth and Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicam L.)(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019) Ranaweera, R.A.T.L.; Kaliyadasa, P.E.; Ranawana, S.R.W.M.C.J.K.The weeds are used as mulch, green manure and in compost production that could favourably or adversely affect on crops due to presence of allelochemicals. Such chemicals can be present in any part of the plant and release to microenvironment by leaching, root exudation, residue decomposition and other processes. This study was undertaken to evaluate the allelopathic effect of four common weed species available in agricultural lands on growth and yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicam L. var. Padma) under plant house conditions. The dried vegetative parts of Kura thampala (Amaranthus viridis), Bubovitiya (Clidemia hirta), Panithora (Cassia occidentalis) and Hulanthala (Ageratum conysoides) were used to extract aqueous solutions at different concentrations i.e. 4%, 8%, and 12%. Aqueous solutions were applied two weeks after transplanting and continued at one-day intervals until harvesting. Three replicates were used for each treatment in Complete Randomized Design with a control (water applied). Vegetative and reproductive characteristics of tomato such as plant height, No of leaves, No of branches, stem girth, total chlorophyll content, No of flowers, No of fruits, and fruit weight were recorded. Total polyphenol content of weed species and variation of soil pH and EC were analyzed in monthly intervals. The application of 4% of Hulanthala was shown the positive performances in vegetative growth, while 12% of Panithora reported the lowest values for both vegetative and reproductive growth of tomato compared to other treatments (p<0.05). Further, the highest total polyphenol content was in Bubovitiya and highest fruit weight was reported in the plants treated with 4% Bubovitiya compared to other weed species (p<0.05) with the highest brix value. It can be concluded that the weeds such as Hulanthala and Bubovitiya could be used in preparation of compost or in other organic applications at lower concentrations to obtain better growth and yield performances of tomato.Item Amelioration of Cadmium (Cd) Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by using Selected Soil Amendments and Aquatic Plants(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2020) Weerakkodi, W.A.G.I.S.; Ranawana, S.R.W.M.C.J.K.; Jayawardana, N.U.Heavy metal contamination in paddy soil, particularly Cadmium (Cd) has become a serious issue with the potential risk of transferring Cd to the human food chain. Rice plants exposed to high Cd, encounter deleterious effects on growth and yield. This necessitates the need to identify effective and feasible remediation measures to ameliorate Cd stress in rice. Therefore, the efficacy of using selected soil amendments and floating aquatic plants to ameliorate Cd stress in rice was evaluated in this study under controlled environmental conditions using rice variety Bg 250. The experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design with six treatments replicated thrice. Water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), duckweed (Lemna minor), partially burnt rice husk (RH), and rice straw (RS) were evaluated as the amelioration treatments under two soil Cd contamination levels (5 and 8 ppm). The control was maintained with the only Cd without any amelioration. RH and RS were separately incorporated to Cd treated soil and mixed well at two levels (soil: RH or soil: RS, 1:1 and 2:1 v/v). Upon transplanting of rice, the aquatic plants were introduced to Cd treated pots. Growth and yield parameters were measured at 45 and 75 days after transplanting. Rice grown in the soil medium amended with RH (1:1 v/v) showed significantly higher values for plant height (43±0.2 cm), the number of tillers (3.67±0.03), root length (24.33±1.2 cm), root volume (13.33±0.7 cm3 ), root dry weight (3.17±0.2 g plant-1 ), shoot dry weight (7.44±0.07 g plant-1 ) and seed dry weight (3.12±0.15 g plant-1 ) compared to the control under 5 ppm Cd level. A similar pattern was observed in the other Cd level as well. Interestingly, the aquatic plants reduced the growth and yield of rice possibly due to competition for resources. In conclusion, RH has the potential to be used as an effective soil amendment to ameliorate Cd stress in rice. Field investigations are suggested for making a general recommendation. Keywords: Aquatic plants, Cd stress, Growth and yield, Rice, Soil amendments