Science and Technology Degree Programme (SCT)

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Analysis of the Effect of Process Annealing for Deep Drawing Operation
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Niththiyananthan, Y.
The plastic forming process of sheet plate takes an important place in forming metals. The traditional techniques of tool design for sheet forming operations used in industry are experimental and expensive methods. Prediction of the forming results, determination of the punching force, blank holder forces and the thickness distribution of the sheet metal will decrease the production cost and time of the material to be formed. In this project, multi-stage deep drawing simulation of a cup has been presented with finite element method. The entire production steps with additional operations such as intermediate annealing and spring back has been simulated by DEFORM® software under axisymmetric conditions. The simulation results such as sheet thickness distribution, Punch force and residual stresses have been extracted in each stage and sheet thickness distribution was compared with experimental results. It was found through comparison of results, the FE model have proven to be in close agreement with those of experiment. Keywords: Finite Elements Analysis, Deep Drawing, Simulation
Antimicrobial Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Fimbristylis Miliacea
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2017) Sivakumaran, A.
Endophytes are known to biosynthesis various bioactive secondary metabolites. Sri Lanka has a high rate of endophytic fungi of Cyparaceae Plant. Grasses and sedges are reported to harbour a lot of endophytic fungi & sedges are sparsely investigated for endophytic fungi and bioactive metabolites. Therefore the aim of this study is investigation of the antimicrobial activities of the endophytes of Fimbristylis miliacea, which may lead to the discovery of new drugs. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the surface sterilized roots and aerials parts of F.miliacea collected from Badulla & Mawanella and the antimicrobial activities were evaluated against S.aureus, P. aeruginosa, E.coli & B.cereus at 400 µg/disc concentration using agar disc diffusion method. The two most bioactive fungi were identified by morphological features and slide cultures. Ten & twenty morphologically distinct endophytic fungi were isolated from Badulla & Mawanella respectively. All the ten extracts from Badulla showed activity for at least one bacterium tested. Three extracts showed activity against all the four bacterial species while six extracts showed activity against three bacteria tested. Prominent activities (16 and 13 mm inhibition zones) were shown by the extracts FMR4 and FMR6 against B. cereus. The two most bioactive fungi FMR4 & FMR6 were tentatively identified as Fusarium sp. In conclusion, the data obtained from the current study revealed F. miliacea harbor endophytic fungi which produce secondary metabolites with antibacterial activities. Keywords: Endophytic fungi, Secondary metabolites, Fimbristylis miliacea, Antimicrobial, Fusarium sp.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ageratum Conyzoides Against Staphylococcus Aureus
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Dilrukshi, P.A.D.M.
Ageratum conyzoides is used in traditional medicine for the treatments of variety of alignment. The aim of this research was to formulate and evaluate the wound healing activity of methanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides. Staphylococcus aureus is most common bacteria in wounds. The antibacterial activities of Ageratum conyzoides was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, using the Well diffusion method. The solvent type extracts were obtained by soxhlet method with methanol. Solvent was removed by using rotary evaporator at 150rpm below 40°C and obtained semi solid slurry. Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving semi solid slurry with methanol. These were tested in varying concentration of 200mg/ml — 12.5mg/ml. The solvents were used as negative control. Solvents had no effect on the microorganisms. Each parts of Ageratum conyzoides such as leaves, flowers, roots and stems showed antimicrobial inhibitory activity at 200mg/ml. Highest inhibition zone was showed leaves of Ageratum conyzoides and inhibition zone was decrease when concentration decrease. MIC of the Ageratum conyzoides leaves extract is 12.5mg/mL determine through concentration series. This study suggests that the methanol extracts of Ageratum conyzoides, can be used as herbal medicines in the control of Staphylococcus aureus. Methanolic extract of Ageratum conyzoides leaves was used to formulate the herbal ointment. Formulations were then tested for its physicochemical properties. Further, herbal formulations were evaluated for its 'anti- bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method using Betadine as the standard. The formulations showed predominant activity against selected species. This study showed that the leaf extracts of the Ageratum conyzoides plant, had good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus ,aureus. Prepared herbal ointment also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. That ointment had more than 50% consumer preference and didn't show any allergy reaction. Overall result of this study reveals that this is an effective herbal ointment. Key words: Ageratum conyzoides, Staphylococcus aureus, Well diffusion method, antibacterial activities.
Antimicrobial Activity of Piper Betelleaves, Momordica Charantia Seed & Centella Asiatica Root Extracts Against Microorganisms Associated with Fish Spoilage.
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Dissanayaka, G.A.A.P.
Spoilage of fresh and lightly preserved fish products is caused by mainly microbial action. So prevention of undesirable microbial actions in fish is important. For that we can use plant sources which are having antimicrobial activities. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of selected plant extracts against microorganisms associated with fish spoilage. Bacteria isolation was done from spoiled fish samples and it was carried out with serial dilution method, spread plate method & streak plate method. Finally 3 types of bacteria were isolated with different characteristics. Two of isolated bacteria & Staphylococcus aureus were subjected to the Screening of antimicrobial activity. For the extraction Piper betle leaves, Momordica charantia seeds and Centella asiatica roots were subjected. The extraction of this plant parts were carried out with soxhelet extraction method by using Methanol & Hexane solvents. Among them methanol extracts showed the highest crude for all plants. So methanol crude was chosen for the Screening of antimicrobial activity. Screening of antimicrobial activity was done by agar disc diffusion method. 5 concentration series were made for each plant extract for the disc diffusion method. (200mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 12.5mg/m1). Then disc diffusion was done for each selected bacteria with a positive control(methanol). Then inhibition zones for each bacteria & concentrations were obtained and minimum inhibitory concentrations were calculated. Finally statistical analysis was done to choose the best plant extracts for each bacteria strain. According to this study the methanol was the best solvent for extraction of selected plants(polar solvent). All selected plants have shown the antibacterial activities for selected bacteria. The highest effect was shown by Piper betel leaves and least effect was shown by Centella asiatica roots for all bacteria strains. The screening results of the study confirm the possible use of selected plants as a source of antimicrobial agent. Key words :- antimicrobial activity, spread plate method, streak plate method, disc diffusion method
Antioxidant Activity of Selected Red and White Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Varieties of Sri Lanka
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2014) Dodamgoda, G.H.D.I.U.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the dietary staple in Sri Lanka. There are thousands of different Sri Lankan traditional rice varieties and nearly fifty improved rice varieties cultivated in different agrochemical regions in the country. Rice bran is one of the most abundant co-products produced in the rice milling industry and research conducted in last two decades has shown that it contains a unique complex of naturally occurring antioxidant compounds. However, Sri Lankan rice varieties have not gained significant attention on measuring these antioxidants. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties of some Sri Lankan rice varieties. Freeze-dried 70% ethanolic extracts of brans of five white and six red rice varieties were screened for antioxidant properties in this study. Antioxidant properties of rice bran extracts of selected rice varieties were evaluated by using total polyphenolic content (TPC) (n=3), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (n=6), 1,1-dipheny1- 2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging (n=3) and 2-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging (n=6) in vitro antioxidant assays. Significant differences were observed among bran extracts of selected rice varieties for investigated antioxidant properties (P<0.05). Mean TPC, FRAP , DPPH and ABTS antioxidant properties were in the range of 9.33 — 212.33 mg gallic acid equivalents/g of extract, 1.13 — 18.89 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/100g of extract, 2.85-43.32 inhibition %, 23.93-98.34 inhibition % for 1 g rice bran respectively. Resulted mean values of the antioxidant activity of red rice varieties, for all four assays were significantly higher than that of white rice varieties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan rice varieties, especially red rice varieties have higher antioxidant properties and could be use as potential sources for the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases in Sri Lanka. Key words: rice bran, antioxidant, in vitro, assay, chronic degenerative diseases
Antioxidative Properties and Lactobacillus Population in Traditional Sri Lankan Pickle During Fermentation
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2014) Madusanki, K.S.
The aim of this study was to determine the functional properties of the traditional Sinhala pickle. The antioxidant activity, pH variation and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) population in Sinhala pickle was evaluated using different analytical techniques: DPPH free radical scavenging assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity. The results showed that there was a significant changes (P<0.05) in antioxidant activity during fermentation. Total phenolic content (TPC) in pickle extracts initially increased from 11.7353± 0.16 mg/ml to 15.0893± 0.58 mg/ml and started to decline. Antioxidant activity in pickle reduced after 96 hours storage time compared to that in 0 hours. The results showed that, pH was almost same during the 10 days of storage, and it consisted within the optimal pH level for growth of the LAB. And results present that the bacteria population increased from an initial number of 8.0997± 0.56 Logi ocfu/g after 24 hours fermentation at 37 °C. The maximum bacteria growth was observed as 9.4248± 0.23 Logi ocfu/g after 48 hour's fermentation. After three days storage at 37°C, the bacteria population decreased but, no significant difference was observed with the storage time at 37°C. The present study demonstrated that after second and third day of preparation LAB, and total phenolic content reached to their optimum value and after that they started declining. pH value remained almost constant and fermentation retained 90-95% Antioxidant capacity during the 10 day of storage at 37°C. Second and third days after the preparation, can consider as the best consumption period of pickle to gain the additional health benefits beyond their basic nutritional value. Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Total Phenolic content, DPPH assay
Arsenic (V) Removal from Water By Modified Montmorillonite (MMT) from Naturally Occurring Clay Deposits in Sri Lanka
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2017) Rajamanthri, R.R.M.M.
Montmorillonite (MMT) nano-clay is widely used in many applications. MMT clay has been deposited and enriched in dry zone of Sri Lanka. Identifying the possibilities and methods for use of MMT clay for heavy metal removal was the objective of this research. Mainly naturally occurring clay deposits in Murukkan area were considered. Research focused on arsenic (As) removal by raw MMT clay and modified MMT clay because of the human health problems associated with excessive and long-term exposure to As. The can be either acute and chronic health issues. Purpose of the study was developing suitable and low cost adsorbent materials for arsenic removal. Only the clay particles were used to prepare the samples. Selected MMT samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique. Apart from the identification the samples were modified by FeC13 and modified clay was used to make small pellets for filter media. The pellets were fired at 500°C 600°C temperature range in a furnace. FTIR technique was used to identify composition and functional groups present in resulted product as well as raw MMT. Modified filter media and raw sample§ were treated with As(V) solutions with different contact times and different pH ranges. 'Then filtrate of all samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) to determine arsenic concentration and iron concentration of each samples. Results of the test prove that the MMT clay is capable of removing arsenic efficiently.
Automated Forklift Scheduling System
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2017) Madushanka, K.R.
In the manufacturing organizations, forklifts can be seen and they are being used to carry various things that cannot be handled by humans. In Sri Lanka, most organizations don't follow any proper way to inform the forklift drivers about the jobs available. Forklift drivers has to be informed for the jobs manually. In this dissertation, a system to handle the forklifts more efficiently is described. This system can save time as well as can increase the productivity and it is cost effective. This research is mainly based on Arduino and GSM technology is used as well for the communication method. GSM technology is fast improving technology and it use for various projects in modern world. It is a good communication method than the other communication methods because the noises or the disturbances that can be occur during the communication is lower than the other types of communication methods. Arduino is used for all the processing parts and GSM module is used for the data transmission. There are two types of communication units were designed for the forklifts and the machines or the area of the work floor that produce the jobs for forklifts. When a product finished in the production machine it will automatically send a SMS or when a job is available in the working area, a laborer can send a SMS to all the units in forklifts and indicate about the job to the forklift drivers. Then they can either accept the job or they can reject the job. Multiple drivers can response to the job alert. The first person how respond to the job alert will receive the job and others will be informed about it. All the indications of the system are done using leds, to understand easily and make the attention of the forklift drivers.
Automated Lunch Packet System
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2014) Lakmal, E.M.H.
In hotel industries they are suffering about their labor cost. This research shows simple solution for reduce lunch packet time and labor cost. Also help to carry consistency of a lunch packet rather than packing by manually. Using mechanical system which control by PLC found the solution machine. Rice and curries are pre loaded in to the buckets in the machine. First stage of this machine can make approximately fifty lunch packets. Operator can select the type of lunch packet using control switch in machine. So using this machine reliable to the shop owner to count the number of lunch packets sold, no need to pay for a labor, and the efficiency will be increase.
Automated Plates Washer
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2017) Herath, H.M.A.D.K.
Washing plates normally done by hand and it uses water, energy, chemicals as well as need to spend valuable time. So an efficient approach can save a lot of each. Though the dish washing machine gives some relief for that, the existing dishwashing machines in the world market consist many defects in the system such as wastage of water, requirement of man power, high installation cost, poor quality of cleaning etc. Specially, there is no proper turning off system when the washing is complete, and because of that it waste large amount of water. This project is about inventing an Automated plates washer which can be overcome the problems in existing machines. It includes automatically turning off system after the plates are cleaned. The system is controlled by arduino and has to supply high pressure water to the machine to start the washing process. Then the sensor will give the signal to turn off the machine when the process is complete. This system can be used in large scale kitchens such as in marriage ceremonies, receptions, business parties, etc. where there is requirement of more number of plates. Not only that this plate washer is useful for household use as same as the washing machine, which can save time and cost rather than spending in washing plates by hand and wasting large amount of energy.
Automatic Accident Detection System Using CCTV Camera
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2017) Hindurangala, L.S.
This paper deals with development of an automatic accident detection system using CCTV camera videos. These systems are designed to identify and indicate safety levels of the roads and vehicles. Most of systems are used highly accuracy sensors, equipment with higher cost to determine the above requirements. This paper describes a cost effective accident detection system based on the speed of the vehicle. Videos taken from camera were analyzed using algorithm based on the image processing and video processing methods. Set points and the roads were identified by using Specified colour filters to determine the speed of the vehicle. By analyzing each and every frame on the video files speed calculation were done according to the algorithm and average speed was taken to the final result. Threshold value for speed was defined by the system and calculated speed was compared with threshold value. By analyzing above result system was able to give a statement about the safety level of the vehicle depend on the speed of the vehicle.
Automatic Farm Monitroing and Maintaining Through Mobile Apps
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2017) Srichandrapos, K.
According to our country farming is important. Because most of the people again more income from farm in our country. They are doing in their own level. The maintaining is the very important thing in farming. Good maintaining will give good output. There is more money and man power is spend for maintaining. To decrease these problems I eager to do the automatic farm monitoring and maintaining through mobile apps as my final year research project. By using a webpage the monitoring part can do. The online updates of the farm can observe through the web page. The data will be transfer from Arduino to ethernet. There is a local area network or any other network is needed in the farm area and monitoring area to make maintaining continuously. If there is no internet there may be an error. To do the controlling part of the farm there is no need of internet or Bluetooth in the farm area and controlling area. It's a good advantage in this project. Because if there is no internet then also can control the farm. Only one man can make the maintaining and controlling of a farm. To do the controlling part there is a mobile apps was designed. The controlling person want to install the apps in his mobile and then he can make control through that apps. If there was a problem in the farm an alert message will come to that particular person's mobile. After he got the message he wants to open the apps in mobile. Through the apps he can solve the problem where he is. In here it may be an error when the person could not read the message. By using this system the maintaining and monitoring of a farm is easy. But if there was no internet connection the monitoring cannot make properly. To omit this problem the project wants to modify by using the CCTV camera or any other devices. Controlling can make where we are and without internet or bluetooth. There are so many things can be control but in here I did for few things only. Humidity, temperature, water level and soil moisture are going to control. It can modify by using more sensors and other devices. After modifying it can use not only in farm but also in plants, factories, companies, home gardens, schools, universities and fields. It's a useful project with low expensive. By using this can decrease the man power and save the time. Anyone can use this because handling is easy. In future some modifications want to do.
Autonomous Transport Vehicle for Factory with Auto Charging Dock Using PID
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2017) Rathnayaka, R.M.D.L.
Autonomous transport vehicle for factory with auto charging dock-using PID, falls under the autonomous guided vehicle (AGV). The intention of this research is to develop the electronic circuit system to measure the battery charge value, and to computer program the intelligent steering drive method using Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) functions. Nowadays there are many types of autonomous vehicles, most of them are using wired communication methods, and they have to change their battery manually. This project deals with the development of a transport vehicle based on a line follower with either black, white or different color and the vehicle battery is charged automatically in specific charging dock (charging area). PID control of transport vehicle is a method consisting of Proportional, Integral and Derivative functions to improve the movement of the robot. The vehicle uses special sensors to identify the line thus assisting the robot to stay on the track. The robot is driven by DC gear Motors to control the movement of the wheels. The Arduino Mega Microcontroller will be used to perform and implement PID algorithms to control the speed of the motors which are steering the robot to travel along the line smoothly. This project aims to implement the PID algorithm, control the movement of the robot by proper tuning of the control parameters, and thus achieve better performance.
Changers of Selected Macro/Micro Nutrients in Minimally Processed Banana Blossom Under the Low Temperature (8o C) Storage
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Dissanayake, D.M.A.B.
Minimally Processed or fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are a rapidly developing segment of the fresh produce industry. These products are manufactured by washing, sorting, peeling, slicing and packaging with plastic film or in plastic trays wrapped with films. Minimally Processed (MP) fruits are new forms of product marketing intended to meet the consumer's desires for convenience and fresh-like quality. Fresh cut products are living cells and they have highly nutritional content than other foods items. Because of that the preparation method, storage condition, storage temperature, packaging material mainly affect to the nutritional quality degradation of the fresh cut products. Effect of chemical treatment and the storage condition to nutrient depletion within their shelf life period was analyzed. Banana l?lossom grow on the end of the stem holding a cluster of bananas it considered an Asian or tropical vegetable.29 cultivars can found in Sri Lanka. Banana processing involved washing in cool (8 °C) distilled water, Chlorine water (100ppm) and cleaned water. Then subjected to CaC12 solution (5g/L).Packaging was done by using LDPE bags and stored under refrigerator condition. Samples of banana flower were analyzed for proximate composition ( protein, total dietary fiber, vitamin C and Anti-Oxidant) following the standard methods published by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 1995). Protein was determined by Kjeldahl method (Kjeldahl, 1883), and thereafter a conversion factor of 6.25 was used to calculate the total nitrogen to crude protein. Total dietary fiber (TDF) was determined according to the Ceramic Fiber Filter Method AOAC Official Method 962.09 (1982).Vitamin C content was determined by the redox titration method using iodine solution. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (2-2'- diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) assay. Embul kesel blossom have High protein content (19.11 +0.50 g/100g) and Vitamin C content (7.96+0.04 mg/ 100g). Koikuttu kesel have high dietary fiber content than other cultivars. DPPH Radical Scavenging capacities of banana blossoms are high in Embul kesel (21.02 + 0.31 ppm).The most of the Nutrient is slightly reducing during Processing and Storage time period. Therefore, needs develop well processing methods and storing condition to preserve nutrient of minimally processed Banana blossom.
Characterization of Iron Particles for Nitrate Reduction
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Ratnasekara, S.K.S.S.
Chemical reduction of nitrate by metallic iron (Fe°) was studied as a potential technology to remove nitrate from water. So it's very important for studying about characterization parameters of iron particles relevant to nitrate reduction. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of zero-valent iron nanoparticles for the transformation of halogenated organic contaminants and heavy metals. X-ray diffraction (XRD) method was used to characterize the identification of the iron particles. To measure the particle size sieve analyzing technique was used. In nitrate reduction process by using iron particles ammonia was the end product of nitrate reduction and accounted for all nitrate transformed under our experimental conditions. Nitrate reduction efficiency mainly affected by the particle size, pH of the solution. Metallic iron particles act as catalysts in the nitrate reduction process.
Comparative Pharmacognostic Aspects of Rauvolfia Serpentina (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz and it's Substitute Rauvolfia Canescens L. (Apocynaceae)
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2014) Savithri, W.A.K.
Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz (Apocynaceae), a rare, therapeutically important medicinal plant, is often adulterated by materials of Rauvolfia canescens L. (Apocynaceae). However, adulteration of R. serpentina with R. canescens without scientifically proven data on important quality standards might adversely affect the therapeutic properties of the herbal drugs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to establish a comparative quality standards on morphological, anatomical, phytochemical, physicochemical and cytotoxicity activity of R. serpentina and R. canescens by using established protocols. Results demonstrated that R. serpentina could be distinguished from R. canescens by comparing polymorphological characters and anatomical characters. Major phytochemical groups were present in leaves, stems and roots of both plants. Results of Thin Layer Chromatogram (TLC) exhibited the highest number of common spots in leaf extracts followed by stem and root extracts of both R. serpentina and R. canescens. The presences of higher brine shrimp toxicity in root extracts of both plant species scientifically validate the use of root in medicinal purposes in Ayurveda and traditional systems of medicine in Sri Lanka. Information generated through the present study could be effectively used for the quality control and standardization process of different parts of Rauvolfia serpentina and Rauvolfia canescens in order to upgrade the Sri Lankan pharmacopeia. The presence of certain similarities in major phytochemical groups of R. serpentina and R. canescens justifies the use of R. canescens as a substitute for R. serpentina in traditional systems of medicine in Sri Lanka, which needs to be confirmed after further clinical trials. Keywords: Apocynaceae, Rauvolfia serpentina, Rauvolfia canescens, Polymorphological Characters, Phytochemical, Physicochemical
Conversion of Eppawala Apatite into Superphosphate Using Hydrochloric Acid
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Priyadarshana, W.P.N.
Reaction of Eppawela apatite with HC1 has been investigated in an attempt to convert rock phosphate to phosphorus enriched manure using a simple & low cost method. Although direct reaction of apatite with HC1 lead to a highly hygroscopic product, physical condition of this material could be improved by the treatment with ammonia. Apatite reaction with 12% HC1 followed by PH adjustment using an alkali, leads to the precipitation of dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4), which could readily be used as a P-fertilizer. Use of ammonia & ammonium salts has an added extra advantage in that the product contains nitrogen in addition to phosphorus. And also the addition of KCl to the mixture ensured availability of K in required proportions. Since the cost of this product depends mainly on the cost of HC1, partial combination with Hydrochloric acid recognized as a potentially useful and economical method.
Convert 2d Images to 3d Image
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Gaspe, G.M.S.M.
Image processing plays a major role in modem technology. Implementations of this field are varying from simple applications like documentation to complex applications like space context. Before use in the above applications images should be processed using relevant techniques. There is lots of software that can process the images and get the outputs to be use in the above mentioned applications. To be use in applications like automatic navigation of robots and vehicles, satellite identification and fault diagnosis, medical reasoning and remote surgery, conversion of 2D images to 3D images is important. There are many algorithms which have been developed in order to obtain 3D images using 2D images. Matlab software includes many functions, data types and devices which supports to developing new algorithms. This algorithm uses stereo images, red, cyan composite images, basic block matching, depth mapping and noise filtering. The final outcome of above steps is a 3D image with fewer errors and less time consuming.
Crumb-Rubber and Silica Nano-Particle Derived Rubber Composites: A Partial Solution for Waste Management
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2017) Tharmakulenthiran, V.
Currently, crumb rubber derived flooring is a small, but growing sector in the world floor coverings market. However it is not widely spread in Sri Lanka. Such flooring includes mats, rolls, sheets, and indoor and outdoor tiles. Among the materials for flooring, natural rubber blended with artificial rubber is one of the lower-priced and commonly used ingredients. However, the pristine rubber blends show retarded mechanical properties. Thus, reinforcement with additives and vulcanization is commonly practiced technique. In this research the blend of natural and artificial rubber is reinforced with crumb rubber and silica Nano particles. Both of these additives were prepared from the waste materials. Thus, this research is focused to introduce a partial solution for waste management. The idea is analogues to making large particle reinforced composites such as concretes in which two different sizes of particles (coarse gravel and sand) are densely packed with an adhesive (cement). The rubber crumbs are in micro-to-millimeter length scale while silica is in nanometer length scale. Rubber crumbs act as a good additive while silica particles act as space filler. In this study, crumb rubber with different sizes was prepared by mechanically crushing the waste tyres. The silica was extracted from rice husk by a facile heat treatment process and converted into Nano particles by a precipitation method. The properties of silica Nano particles were further characterized. The composite materials were prepared with different ratios of rubber: silica Nano particles: crumb rubber. The samples with same compositions but different rubber crumb sizes were also prepared. All the composites were further reinforced by vulcanization. Microstructure was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope images and the optimum composition was determined by evaluating their mechanical properties. We found that the tensile strength and tear strength increased and compression percentage decreased with increasing until 125 ppr (parts per rubber) crumb rubber added RSS and silica Nano particle composites.
Designing and Development of A Fully Automated Solar-Powered Lawn Mower
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2017) Pakirathan, R.
This Project aimed to design a fully automated solar-powered lawn mower (FASPLM) of electrical source to reduce the environmental pollution and use the natural resources in effective way. This device consisted of a square cross sectional cutting thread which is operated by the efficient powered motor and the power supply for the motor is given by a rechargeable battery. The battery can be charged by using a solar panel. The obstacles in the moving path of the mower can be sensed by an ultra-sonic distance sensor to avoid the obstacles in the track. Moreover, it has PIR sensors for detecting the human motion near the lawn mower. This design requires no perimeter wires to maintain the mower within the lawn and it will avoid and detect objects and human motion as it uses a self-localization platform with a global positioning system (GPS) module to travel and uses efficient cutting algorithms. Initially, the market survey and literature survey were carried out to study the advantages and disadvantages of the existing devices. Then according to the survey results, a suitable platform for the lawn mower was designed. Thereafter, a detailed mechanical design and the mechanical structure were developed. Then the mechanical structure was fabricated, following that mechanical parts and the electronic wiring were assembled. The control algorithms and coding were written appropriately. Finally, manufactured equipment was tested in the field. The major drawbacks of this device are with navigation control and duration of battery life. This lawn mower used GPS for localization and track following, coding and mechanical construction of GPS module is little difficult. Furthermore, during the long time of operation the battery discharging rate may be greater than the charging rate, therefore it is expected to use efficient motors, and efficient solar panels to keep the battery for long time operation.

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