Research Symposium-2011
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Browsing Research Symposium-2011 by Subject "Bioprocess Technology"
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Item Algorithmic Aspects of Trees in Graph Theory: Identification and Application(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Gamachchige, N.T.S.G.; Udagedara, D.T.Note: See the PDF Version With the rapid advances of the computer technology, Mathematics and Computer Science have developed into two entirely separate disciplines. Since graphical approach lend themselves naturally as model for a variety of situations, including the hardware of computer and certain aspects of computer software, Graph Theory plays an increasingly important role within Computer Science. In the study of graphs, it soon becomes evident that efficient algorithms are necessary for solving problems of any significant magnitude. It has become fashionable to mention that there are applications of Graph Theory to some areas of Physics, Chemistry, Computer technology, Electrical and civil engineering, Sociology and Economics. Computers have made our daily activities easier with fast and highly accurate outcome. Since we find the applications of Graph Theory in almost all areas, using the computer to solve practical problems makes our task easy. Transforming of our problems into a form that can be understood by the computer is the task of a computer language. Algorithms are used for that purpose. This research consists of Algorithmic aspect of Trees in Graph Theory and is designed to emphasize the close tie between the theoretical and algorithmic aspect of Trees in Graph Theory. Rather than employing a specific computer language for presenting algorithms, the steps were used that are common to many languages. This research has introduced few algorithms, based on properties of Trees in Graph Theory, for practical problems which we often come across. A complexity analysis is also given for each algorithm. The main objective is to recognize the algorithms to solve real world problems using the properties of Trees in Graph Theory and the other objective is to apply these algorithms to solve some problems in day to day life.Item Determination of Optimum Time-Temperature Combination for HTST Pasteurization to Extend Shelf Life of Liquid Milk Obtained From Kandy District(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Vidanapathirana, J.; Deshapriya, R.M.C.; Silva, K.F.S.T.Note: See the PDF Version Milk is one of the most nutritionally complete natural liquid foods that consist of all the required nutrients including high quality proteins, minerals and vitamins. Heat treatments are generally used in the dairy industry for preheating, thermization, pasteurization, sterilization, ultra high temperature treatment and ultra-pasteurization. According to the available information, the present pasteurization process employed in Sri Lanka is not officially validated with regards to the objectives achievable. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine suitable pasteurization parameters applicable under the prevalent Sri Lankan conditions in the Kandy District.Item Development of Ginger Flavoured Pasteurized Milk with Incorporation of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Extract and Sugar(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Upananda, N.M.P.K.; Abesinghe, A.M.N.L.; Mudannayake, D.C.NOTE: see the PDF version The Sri Lankan dairy industry is important and has tremendous potential in developing the economy in the country. Since centuries, milk is used for direct consumption as well as for making various products. With the advent of new processing techniques, many products especially such as pasteurized milk were added. Within this milk types, flavored milk remained highly demanded. However, there was no ginger flavored milk type among the flavored pasteurized milk, which has antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-tumor effect with many other medicinal values. Therefore, this research has focused to add value to flavored milk by incorporating ginger extract .Item Effect of Different Pasteurization Temperature – Time Combinations on Shelf Life of Raw Cream in Relation to its Microbiological, Chemical and Physical properties(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Gunawardana, C.N.P.; Mudannayake, D.C.; Perera, M.N.P.Note: See the PDF Version Cream is a vital ingredient in manufacturing of many dairy products. Cream is a good substrate for microbial growth due to its high nutritional value. Generally, in dairy processing factories separated cream is held on a period of time prior to incorporation in to the dairy products. The spoilage of cream from separation till the production of dairy products has been a critical problem to producers. The treatments which are given and the conditions under which cream is held will have a direct effect on its keeping quality. Shelf life of raw cream currently produced as an ingredient for curd production at Fonterra Brands Lanka (Pvt) Ltd is estimated to be approximately four days at 4 °C. Therefore a method that could be used to extend the keeping quality of raw cream beyond four days would be a helpful and economical to the industry. Pasteurization of raw cream after separation can be done to improve the keeping quality. As there are no regulations governing heat treatment of cream in Sri Lanka, the time/temperature combinations used vary widely in practice. This investigation was undertaken to determine the effective pasteurization temperature/time combinations to improve the keeping quality of cream.Item Effect of Moisture Content on Quality of Vermicompost and Specific Earthworm (Periyonix excavatus) Population(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Mihirangi, D.P.A.; Weerasooriya, J.D.; Withanage, N.S.Note: See the PDF Version The aim of the present agriculture practices is to be obtaining high yield using genetically modified, sterilized hybrid seed. The other side of modernization was degradation of fertile agricultural lands due to dependence on chemical fertilizer, pesticides and herbicides. Continuous use of those inputs has damaged the biodiversity. Vermicomposting is an ecofriendly, socially sound and economically viable technology to protect environment. Vermicompost contains not only worm castings, but also bedding materials and organic wastes at various stages of decomposition. Therefore, it provides high porosity, moisture content, aeration and water holding capacity. And also it has been shown to have higher level of organic carbon, total and available N, P, K and other micronutrients, microbial and enzyme activities and plant growth regulators. Therefore, it can be a good replacement to chemical fertilizer. Even though vermicomposting is an age old process, due to rapid changes in technology in present scenario it is essential to change such process with application of advanced technique available. The moisture content plays a significant role in the process of vermicomosting. Therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of moisture content on quality of vermicompost and Periyonix excavatus earthworm population.Item Evaluation of the Adoption Behavior of Barn Automation Technology in Flue Cured Tobacco Industry in Sri Lanka(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Perera, R.A.D.M.; Dharmadasa, R.A.P.I.S.; Abeysekara, N.N.R.Note: See the PDF Version Tobacco is a well-known profitable cash crop cultivated in different areas of Sri Lanka. Curing considered as the one of the major process in primary processing of tobacco. Curing of tobacco is done in barns. It was stated that stabilization of the barn in given temperature till end of each stage is extremely important to obtain desired characteristic. There are lots of drawbacks observed in manual barn controlling. To overcome these constraints after several years of successful experimentation one farmer introduced an automated furnace in year 2001. Introducing of an automated furnace was recognized as a revolutionary change by the experts of the tobacco industry. Therefore company expected to grater adoption rate with in a shorter period. Population of barn owners in flue cured tobacco industry is about nearly 2000 (BAT leaf system). However, the automated furnace has only adopted in 54 barns up to now. Therefore even after four years of implementation the expected progress in adoption to the technology has not met. Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the different dimension of adoption behavior and identifying the determinants of non-adopter’s intention to use the automation technology.Item Potassium and Magnesium Interaction in Coconut Growing Soils(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Hegoda, L.W.; Chandrasena, G.; Withanage, N.S.; Thennakoon, Anandha.; Nadheesha, M.K.F.Note: See the PDF Version Coconut is a perennial crop. Due to prolonged coconut cultivation, essential nutrients may get rapid depletion from the soil. Potassium and magnesium deficiency symptoms are common in coconut plantations than other major nutrients deficiency symptoms (Liyanage, 1999). Unavailability may be due to various factors. Antagonism of potassium and magnesium in the soil is one of the problems of balancing potassium and magnesium in the coconut cultivation. Muriate of potash can be used as the potassium source. Kieserite fertilizer is applied to overcome severe magnesium deficiencies in coconut plantations. Moreover, there is a time separation at least three months in between muriate of potash and kieserite application. However, no any significant impact on the production from this practice has been found. Therefore, this study was planned to study the interaction between potassium and magnesium doing simultaneous applications. The study was conducted as a pot experiment using an indicator plant..Item Production of Mosquito Repellent Body Lotion From the Species Ocimum sanctum(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2011) Jayasinghe, J.M.M.W.; Wijesekara, K.B; Karunathilake, A.A.K.Note: See the PDF Version Mosquito-transmitted diseases such as Dengue Paver, Malaria, Yellow Fever and Arboreal Encephilitides are major concerns, all over the world. Every year, it is developing new strains of mosquitoes and infecting viruses are reported that lead to the failures iii treatments. The number of dengue dearth reported for the first seven months of 2010 in Sri Lanka is about 165 and the number of dengue patients reported during the sauce period is about 34,000 (Ministry of Health, Sri lanka).The main precaution for these infections is prevention of mosquito bites using repellent methods such as mosquito coils which is also reported to have side effects. Mosquito repellent ability of natural plant substances was well known for hundreds of years. In Sri Lanka plants such as Osmium sanctum, has been used front the ancient times.0. snuciiii›i (holy basil) is one of the common plant species which is having the mosquito repellent ability (Shankar e/ ml. 2009). The active compound of this plant contains 7% eugenol, 4% caryophl lene - 3.8 nig, 1 % tritcrpenoic acids including Uralic acid, oleaiiolic acid, and rosmariiiic acid (Prakash & Gupta, 2005). 0. sanctum belongs to the family Labiate characterized by square stem and specific aroma. Several medicinal properties have been attributed to the plant in Ayurveda and unani systems of need icine. Juice of the leaves is used as demulcent, stimulant and expectorant (Shankar e/ nl., 2009). 0. sanciwn is a common weed in Sri Lanka which is highly available and a low cost value added product can be produced in commercial scale. Aeilcs species and Culex species are two common mosquito species act as vectors respectively for dengue and filarium. Current study is on production of a herbal based mosquito repellent body lotion which can be applied to human without any side effects to assure non toxicity and non-irritancy.Item Removal of Lead Metal Ion from Aqueous Solutions Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Oxide Bulk Material(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2011) Sivayoganathan, N.; Ratnaweera, P.B.; Weerawarna, P.M.; Karunathilake, A.A.K.Note: See the PDF Version Many toxic heavy metals have been discharged into the environment as industrial wastes, causing Serious soil and water pollution. Toxic metal compounds coining to the earth's surface not only reach the earth's waters but can also contaminate underground water in trace amounts by leaking front the soil after rain. Therefore, drinking water obtained front springs which may also be contaminated by various toxic metals. Pb", Cu", Fe", and Cr"‘are especial I y common materials that tend to accumulate iii organisms, causing numerous ‹diseases and disorders (Inglizakis e/ at., 2002). Among these lead (Pb’ highly toxic heavymetal which adversely affects the red blood cells of the human nervous system and kidneys (Potgieter et al., 2006). According to World Health Organization, the maximum in permissible limit of lead in drinking water is 0.05 mg/L (Kanawade and Gaikwad, 201 I). The adsorption of heavy metal ions onto various solid supports such as activated charcoals, ion exchange resins, zeolites and ion chelating agent’s immobilized on inorganic supports is the most common route among the different techniques applied to remove dissolved heavy metals front waste water and industrial effluents (Chen et al., 2003). Many methods using today for decontamination of waste water are not suitable iii developing countries due to the high costs associated with production. Therefore, the use of alternative low-cost materials us potential sorbents for the removal of heavy meals should be investigated. Among inorganic nanoparticles, the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle has received great attention because of its unique catalytic, antibacterial, electrical, electronic and optical properties as well as its low cost and extensive applications (Kathirvelu el at., 2009). Zinc ox ide bulk materials and zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely used in industry and dai Iy life for various things including as absorbents for gases such as CO, CO, O , H2. SO„ CHP (Scarano et al., 2004). Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO bulk material for the removal of Pb" from aqueous solutions by adsorption,Item Surface Modification of Activated Carbon to Treat Polluted Water Streams(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2011) Pathiraja, G.C.; Nanayakkara, K.G.N.NOTE: see the PDF version Water pollution due to the industrial applications, agro chemicals, etc. is a serious environmental problem which creates health, economical, and ecological impacts worldwide. The presence of toxic compounds, both organic and inorganic, in water streams creates significant threats to man and nature. Therefore, polluted water streams should be purified before releasing to the environment (Akhtar et al., 2006); (Massa et al., 2004). Adsorption is one of the most versatile and effective method, among other different methods. Adsorption is a natural process by which molecules of a dissolved compound collect on and adhere to the surface of an adsorbent solid. Activated carbon has a great potential for effectively removing contaminants from water by adsorption process due to its electrochemical surface properties. Most forms of activated carbon are non-polar in nature, so they have the greatest affinity for other non-polar substances. As a result, they are most effective in the removal of a variety of organic contaminants. However, activated carbons do not effectively remove trace metals, contaminants of high solubility or inorganic salts like nitrates. Hence, modifying the surface chemistry of activated carbon becomes an attractive route towards novel applications in enhancing the efficiency in water treatment (Chen et al., 2003). In this research, chemical treatment was used to modify the commercially available activated carbon and the modified material was characterized.