International Research Symposium of UWU-2018

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Development of a Fruit Nectar Using Locally Available Willard Mango Variety.
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Kothalawala, S.G.; Jayasinghe, J.M.J.K.
Utilization of local mango varieties cost effectively for the production of fruit nectar that fulfils the quality standards without using imported frozen-mango pulp has been a challenge for the Sri Lankan major fruit beverage manufacturers. This study developed a consumer acceptable nectar using Willard mango at maturity stage, containing 12-15% total soluble solids. The pulp (25%) and sugar (8%) percentages were selected according to the standards of Sri Lanka Standards Institution and adjusted with a two factor factorial design to identify the optimum level of consumer perception. Two Alternative Forced Choice method was conducted according to ISO 5495:2005(E) standard procedures to identify Just Noticeable Difference (IND) via Weber’s Law in both pulp and sugar amounts. Reference nectar samples with 0.065 gml-1,0.095 gm1-1, and 0.125 gml-1 sugar concentrations, each containing a series of samples with increasing sugar contents, have provided Weber's constants of 0.154, 0.158, 0.120 respectively. Similarly, for the reference samples that contain nectar pulp concentrations of 0.150 gm1-1, 0.200 gml-1, 0.250 glut', have provided the Weber's constants of 0.033, 0.035, and 0.025 respectively. Moreover, a sensory analysis was conducted in accordance with the JNDs. As for the continual improvement, Kruskal Wallis Tests were conducted to identify the optimum experimental product from descriptive sensory analysis using semi-trained sensory panels. Sensory attributes, namely, appearance, odour, taste and mouth feel were assessed to improve overall acceptability. Final product was compared with the products of market leaders to improve the consumer acceptance from descriptive sensory analysis. Final Willard mango nectar was analysed for ash, (0.052 ± 0.002%), crude fat (0.482 ± 0.004%), crude protein (1.345 ± 0.022%), crude fibre (0.392 ± 0.002%), total carbohydrate (10.899 10.000%), reducing sugar (0.392 ± 0.002%) on wet basis (w/w%) and for energy (1.254 kcalg-1).
An innovative Fixing Solution for holding Complex Shaped Components
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Balasuriya, B.M.S.C.B.; Bhanuka, H.W.P.; Sampath, H.R.L.; Kulasekera, A. L.; Jayaweera, N. D.
Manufacturing industry faces several challenges when fixing complex shaped components, especially in the aerospace industry. The aerospace industry uses various types of dedicated fixturing systems to handle these components, but lacks a universal method of fixing. A complex shaped component does not have any symmetric lines or parallel surfaces, which makes it difficult to fix in manufacturing processes such as machining, finishing and inspection operations. A pin type fixturing system is the dominant and reliable design used in such applications to fix complex shaped components. In pin type fixturing systems, force is applied via a point contact to the workpiece. This can cause structural and/or surface damage to the component. To overcome this, a fixturing system based on jamming of materials with negative pressure is used to improve conventional pin type. A flexible diaphragm filled with januning materials is used to increase the area of contact. By changing the diaphragm properties, it is possible to improve the quality of workpiece fixing. This work studies the effect of the diaphragm properties on fixing quality. Series of experiments were carried out to decide the best suited diaphragm properties in terms of highest holding force with best adaptability to a given complex shape. According to experimental results, increasing the thickness of granular jamming membrane has provided higher fixturing force for complex shaped components. Keywords: Aerospace, Complex shapes, Fixtures, Granular Jamming, Work holding devices.
The Study on Impact of Service Quality on Guest Loyalty in Hotel Industry: (with special reference to five star hotels in Kandy district)
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Marasinghe, M.M.G.K.; Kaninarathne, A.C.I.D.; Sutha, J.
Sri Lankan tourism industry is rapidly growing at present. Therefore tourism was able to upgrade its rank to the third among the important sources of Foreign Exchange Earner of the national economy. Within that, the hotel sector mainly contribute to the GDP of the country. In this context, this study investigated the impact of service quality on guests' loyalty in hotel industry with special reference to five star hotels in Kandy District. The researcher selected all the three five star hotels in Kandy District and collected data from 120 guests who visited those three five star hotels using convenience sampling method and questionnaire is used as the data collecting technique. The SERVQUAL model has been used to measure the service quality as it proved as a best yardstick to measure it. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis were used to analyse the data with the support of SPSS 21.0. Existing level of service quality and guests' loyalty is in agreed level according to the descriptive statistics. According to the correlation analysis, there is a positive relationship between all service quality dimensions and guests' loyalty in hotel industry. In addition to that multiple linear regression analysis confirmed the positive impact of service quality towards guests' loyalty. Since the study found that service quality is a key driver of guests' loyalty in hotel industry, study provides recommendations and suggestions for practical implementation in hotel management based on research findings. It suggests that empathy, tangibility and reliability of a service are key consideration as these factors strongly influence on guests' loyalty according to the analytical results. Hoteliers should improve the service based on these factors and its indicators to enhance their loyal customer base since it affect to the profitability of the hotel. The quality service is mainly affect to the guests’ loyalty.
Progressive Freeze Concentration of Fruit Juices and Yield Improvement by Partial Ice Melting
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) DineshKumar, S.; Vanniarachchi, M.P.G.; Jayawardena, J.A.E.C.
Progressive freeze concentration (PFC) is a novel freeze concentration method which replaces the conventional Suspension freeze concentration (SFC) which requires a higher capital cost. The applications of the PFC are limited since still it is a developing technology and has lower yield than SFC. The research study has been done to concentrate pineapple, watermelon and tomato juices by PFC after producing clear juices by blending the fruit and filtering the blended juice with a muslin cloth. The yield of the process was increased by performing partial ice melting process. During the formation of ice crystals in the PFC, the solute particles can be entrapped between the boundaries of the ice crystals. The initial melted fraction provides juice with higher brix value. The freezing point of samples were 0.5 °C, -0.6 °C and -0.9 °C respectively, for tomato, watermelon and pineapple. Pineapple, watermelon and tomatoes juices were concentrated up to brix values of 14.8° 12.2° and 6.1° respectively without losing organoleptic characteristics of the original juices from initial brix values of 12.2°, 8.3° and 3.2°. The partial ice melting method was used to improve the yield of concentrated product. By recovering the initial melted ice fraction, the yield percentage of the PFC product could be increased. In this study, the yield was increased up to 80% for all fruit juice samples by recovering 20-30 ml of initial melted ice fractions.
Determination of Genetic Purity of the Yellow Dwarf Coconut Seedlings Rejected from Nurseries Using SSR Markers
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Wijewickrama, W.L.H.; Meegahakumbura, M.K.; Attanayaka, D.P.S.T.G.; Alwis, L.M.H.R.
Hybrids coconut cultivars usually produce 40% higher yields over commonly grown Sri Lankan Talls. At present about 10,000 yellow dwarf coconut seedlings are rejected yearly from nurseries, as there is not true to type hybrids based on yellow color petiole as a visible marker for hybrid seedlings. The ambiguity of this phenotypic marker for selection often results in considerable wastage of true hybrid seedlings from the nurseries widening the gap between the demand and the supply of hybrid planting material. In the current study, microsatellite (SSR) marker-based approach was used to test the true hybridity of seedlings raised in the nursery. One hundred rejected seedlings were screened with 2 SSR primers, namely CAC 68 and CAC 23 which exhibited potential to distinguish parental varieties, Sri Lanka Tall (SLT), Sri Lanka Yellow Dwarf (SLYD), and resulting hybrids. The results of the study revealed that on average 36% of the rejected plants were true hybrids which are suitable for planting. The percentages of parental types, the true contaminants were 62% comprising with 6% Tall types and 56% SLYD types. As a result the current visible marker used to select off type seedlings from the coconut nursery is inaccurate resulting a loss of 36 true hybrids to the industry for every 100 seedlings rejected. The two SSR markers can be used to confirm the hybridity of seedlings derived from SLT X SLYD crosses reducing the loss by authenticated plants from the nurseries.
Development and Quality Assessment of Cereal based Complementary Food Enriched with Germinated Green Gram and Carrot Flour
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Roshana, M. R.; Mahendran, T.
Malnutrition is a common problem of children in developing countries including Sri Lanka. It affects the child at the most crucial period. Although, a number of convenient cereal formulas are available, they are often too expensive for the poor income people. As a solution to this problem, present study was designed to formulate low cost complementary foods that provide recommended levels of protein, vitamins and minerals for children. The Complementary Food Mixtures (CFM) were prepared from unpolished parboiled red rice (UPRR), germinated green gram (GG) & carrot flour (CF) in the ratios of 100:00:00, 80:10:10, 70:20:10, 60:30:10, 50:40:10 & 40:50:10 respectively. The CFM were subjected to nutritional, organoleptic and microbial analysis to evaluate the suitability for consumption and its' keeping quality. The nutritional analysis of the CFM revealed that the moisture, ash, protein & fiber content increased and fat & vitamin A decreased with the increasing of GG flour from 10 to 50%. There was no total plate counts observed in the formulated CFMs during the storage period. The sensory qualities such as colour, texture, taste, aroma & overall acceptability showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments. Based on the quality characteristics, most preferred CFM were selected and stored for 14 weeks at 30±1°C and 75-80% RH. The storage studies showed that there were declining trend in ash, protein, fiber, fat & vitamin A and an increasing trend in moisture of the CFM. The results indicated that the CFM made with 60% UPRR, 30% GG & 10% CF contained 14.2% protein, 1.6% fiber, 2.06% ash, 1.91% fat, 6.28% moisture & 30.2 mg kg-1 vitamin A following 14 weeks of storage. This mixture is found to be superior in the analyzed quality characteristics and could be suitable for consumption up to 14 weeks without any significant changes in the quality.
Investigating the Association between Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and Connnelina benghalensis
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Gunasena, H.M.P.M.; Premathilake, K.G.; Balasooriya, A.
A study was conducted to investigate the presence of an association between the Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) and Commelina benghalensis. The effect of C. benghalensis as a weed was also studied as a specific objective. A pot experiment was carried out using single nodal stem cuttings of C. benghalensis and chili plants applied in 4 treatments, i.e. 3 stem cuttings + 2 chili plants (Treatment 1), 6 stem cuttings + 2 chili plants (Treatment 2), 6 stem cuttings alone (Treatment 3) and 2 chili plants alone (Treatment 4). Experiment was carried in a Completely Randomized Design with 10 replicates. As an indicator plant, chili seeds were sown after 3 days of planting weed cuttings and thinned out upto two plants per pot. Growth measurements of chili (height) and C. benghalensis (creeper length) were measured at fortnight intervals. After 10 weeks of planting cuttings, fresh and dry weights of chili and weed were measured, soil nutrient analysis for Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus for each treatment was done, soil VAM spore counts were taken and root colonization percentages of VAM were calculated from each treatment. Root colonization percentages and the spore counts gave no any significant difference among treatments having C. benghalensis. Root colonization percentage by VAM ranged from 50-55% at 10 weeks after planting and the soil VAM spore count ranged 170-185 per 100 g of soil. Soil phosphorous level was significantly higher in pots with C. benghalensis due to Phosphorous solubilization. Therefore, the limiting factors for plant growth seemed to be some other nutrients or factors, rather than Phosphorus. Longest creeper length, creeper fresh and dry weight were observed in treatment 3 and significantly lower in treatment 2. Height, and fresh and dry weight of chili were significantly lower in treatment 2 and treatment 3 compared to treatment 4.The study concluded that there is an association between VAM and C. benghalensis and although there is a competition between the weed and the crop there are some favorable effects particularly due to Phosphorus solubilization.
GSM, GPS and Facial Recognition Based Vehicle Security System
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Udara, G.G.S.; Liyanapathirana, B.C.; Kumari, K.W.S.N.
This study is focused on developing an improved version of vehicle security system for a bearable price. In this study GSM, GPS, facial detection and recognition technologies are used to overcome liabilities in the existing vehicle security systems. In the proposed system, the real time image processing user authentication is done by comparing a freshly taken photo of the driver with an existing database. Whenever the driver sits on the seat a hidden camera established inside the vehicle turns on and captures a photo of the driver. Cascade Object Detector and Fisher vector features of MATLAB software is being used for facial detection and recognition. Captured image of the driver is compared with the images in the database of authenticated drivers using the above mentioned features and verify the authentication. The GSM technology build up the communication between the vehicle and the owner and it provides the control of the vehicle to the owner's mobile phone. The GPS technology provides the access to gain the co-ordinates of real time precise location of the vehicle. The system consists of a vehicle lock down system that provides owner the facility to lock down the vehicle using a simple text message. Whenever the owner received the security alert he can reply with the predefined text message to activate the lock down system. The lock down system consists of a relay switch system and a fuel supply control valve. When the lock down system initiate it breaks the fuel supply and electric supply to the vehicle. A microprocessor based control system processes the functions of this security system. This well improved vehicle security system provides efficient security for the vehicle. Keywords: GPS Technology, MATLAB, Facial detection, Detector, GSM Technology
DIGITAL FORENSIC STEGANALYSIS OF ENCRYPTED INFORMATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MP4 VIDEOS
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Palliyage, S.L.; Kankanamge, N.D.; Ariyadasa, H.M.S.N.
Computerized information correspondence has turned into an integral piece of foundation these days and the security and the privacy of them assumes an essential part. Cryptography and Steganography are being two major methods having a wide usage, which secure information. Steganography conceal secret information and does not leave evident proof of information modification. Out of numerous techniques of application of Steganography, current study focused on End of File Injection technique. The study investigated the Steganalysis of Mp4 type videos, which were encrypted utilizing the above technique. A pool of Mp4 videos consisted of several qualities and capacities were tested and evaluated. A detector system was developed which was capable of identifying the presence of Steganography within the Mp4 videos, thus the system can be further used to scan the suspected Mp4 videos and give the results whether it has embedded data or not. The system reported a higher accuracy level of detecting Mp4 Stego-videos, which used the said techniques for data embedding. Further studies are needed to cover other video formats and other techniques of Steganography. The development of the field would reveal new paths in digital forensic investigations.
Development of Electrochemical Method to Remove Nitrogenous Compounds from Prawn Industry Wastewater
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Kirujika, K.; Kreshaanth, S.; Gunathilake, C. A.; Udagedara, D. T.; Manipura, A.
The prawn-farm industry is one of the fastest growing export-oriented industries in Sri Lanka. Wastewater originating from prawn-farms contains an excessive amount of nutrients that becomes a serious environmental issue. Currently, there is no proper wastewater treatment method to remove nitrogenous compounds in Sri Lanka. Thus, the study aimed to develop an electrochemical method to remove nitrogenous compounds from simulated prawn-farm wastewater. Further, this method investigated the effect of control factors such as pH, retention time, current, and surface area of the electrodes using Taguchi method which identifies proper control factors to obtain the optimum results in the removal of nitrogenous compounds by using carbon and aluminum electrodes with KCl salt bridge. Results indicate that with carbon electrodes the maximum (50%) removal efficiency was obtained in 16 hours constant retention time and changing pH, DC, and surface area, respectively, about 4, 350 mA at 22.4 V, and 10 cm2. Our results are comparable to the results obtained with Taguchi method where the optimum level was obtained under following conditions where pH = 4, DC = 450 mA at 22.4 V, retention time = 16 hours, and surface area = 40 cm2. In aluminum electrodes the maximum (54%) removal efficiency was obtained by changing retention time, pH, DC, and surface area with controlling parameters of 4 hours, 2, 450 mA at 22.4 V, and 10 cm2, respectively. Results are comparable to results obtained with Taguchi method where optimum level have obtained under following conditions where pH = 2, DC = 250 mA at 6.8 V, retention time = 4 hours, and surface area = 40 cm2. Therefore, the results concluded that aluminum electrodes are better than carbon electrodes to remove nitrogenous compounds even though carbon electrodes can be used due to its low cost, simplicity, and easily renewable surface. The electrochemical method could be a potential method to remove nitrogenous compounds due to its high efficiency, low cost and ease in handling.
Effect of Coloured Cellophane Shading on Seed Germination, Plant Growth and Fruit Quality Characteristics of Tomato (Solanunt lycopersicum L.)
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Sugathapala, D.H.D,M,; Dissanayake, P.K.; Wekumbura, W.G.C.
In urban agriculture there are trends to grow crops tinder different colour shading. Colour of light differently affect on plant growth and biochemical properties of plant. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of coloured shading on seed germination, plant growth, fruit quality and fruit yield of tomato (Solarium lycopersicum L). Yellow, red, green, blue coloured cellophane and transparent cellophane (control) were used in the experiment. To evaluate quality of fruits two experiments were conducted in a polythene house with Complete Randomized Design; (1) whole fruit covered by coloured cellophane and (2) whole plant covered by coloured cellophane. The coloured cellophane shading differently affected on seed germination, growth, fruit quality and yield of tomato. The highest seed germination was observed in yellow colour (93.47%) and the lowest at green (73.25%) at day 6th of germination. At one month after transplanting highest and lowest plant height (24.5 cm, 13.5 cm) and number of leaves (8, 7) were found in yellow and green, respectively. The highest leaf area (20.07 cm2) and plant fresh weight (4.83 g) were found in control; whereas, the lowest was found in green (4.34 cm2, 0.74 g, respectively). The highest fruit weight (35.13 g) and length (3.97 cm) were found in the fruits covered by green cellophane; whereas, the lowest (24.74 g, 3.20 cm) in the blue (Experiment 01). The highest Brix value was found in red and the lowest from yellow. Ascorbic acid content was highest in yellow colour (90 ing/100m1) but lowest in green colour (30 mg/100m1). In the experiment 2, blue cellophane recorded the highest fruit weight (51.10 g), and size; whereas, the control recorded the lowest. Brix value was higher in control and the lowest in blue colour. Fruit peel thickness was higher in red (0.65 cm) and lowest in blue (0.51 cm). The highest Ascorbic acid content was recorded in yellow colour (121.25 mg), whereas the lowest in blue (57.5 mg). Finally, it can be concluded that yellow colour is the most effective on accelerating seed germination and control treatment is better for vegetative growth of the plant. To have high ascorbic acid content whole plant should be covered with yellow cellophane, but when it consider yield, blue cellophane is the best.
Identification of Factors Affecting Milk Production of Dairy Cattle at Galenbindunuwewa Veterinary Region in Anuradhapura District
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Ilangasingha, N.L.K; Jayasinghe, J.M.P; Jayawardana, J.M.D.R; .Wedasingha, W.A.N
Dairy cattle farming is a key sector in livestock subsector which plays a crucial role as a source of income and a source of nutrients to the Sri Lankan community .This study was carried out to investigate the present status of milk production and to identify the main factors affecting daily milk production at Galenbindunuwewa veterinary region in Anuradhapura District. Total of 300 dairy farmers were selected using Stratified and Simple Random sampling techniques. Milk production and socio-economic data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire covering 41 Gramaniladari divisions in this region. Data were analyzed for descriptive analysis followed by Regression Analysis model using Minitab 17 statistical software. Results of the study revealed that the dairy cattle farming is operated as the major income source of this area (69.4%). With average wean age of 3.14 months, Jersey Sahiwal cross breed was the major breed (28.5%) accounts for 14.8 Liherd average daily milk production. The best fitted multiple linear regression model predicted that of the value of 74.66% daily milk production suggesting that thenumber of milking cows in the herd, type of breeds, supply forage type, amount of night feeding supply, amount of mineral supplement, roughages feeding methods, concentrate feeding frequency per day, amount of concentrate supply, concentrate type, feed and water availability in cattle shed significantly (P < 0.05) affect the daily milk production. However, lack of housing facilities, poor quality feeds and water, less success in artificial insemination (AI) were reported as key constraints which need to be properly focused in future to increase milk production in Galenbindunuwewa veterinary region in Anuradhapura District.
Artificial Intelligent Base Virtual Learning Assistant
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Vimalan, K.; Banusharma, U.; Jayasekera, N.E.C.
E - Learning is the most effective learning method that includes a variety of tools on learning styles and helps students become more versatile learners. Proposed system will encourage active learning of students in online learning and would be able to handle this problem efficiently. Further, whenever user searches for a problem, system will automatically search required information from knowledge base and provide a solution to overcome the problem when user needs, thus, it is a user-friendly system. Currently in Sri Lanka, there is no any specific virtual learning platform that connects all university students. Therefore, the major objective of proposed system was to develop a platform that will connect all university students together as an effective communication portal for academic matters. This System was equipped with a virtual learning assistant called Jarvis. Thus, Windows + IIS + ASP.NET + MSSQL combination was used for fast, reliable and efficient E-Learning web application and also Artificial Intelligence Markup language (AIML) was used for virtual assistant. Initially, a system was developed based on selected best technologies for efficient elearning application, then an Artificial Intelligence Markup language based virtual assistant was developed. Finally, all the components were bound to create a complete System. While the implementation of this system, the chatter bot answered the questions of students through speech. Consultants can teach their knowledge to Jarvis when necessary. The proposed system was successfully developed and also tested results complemented with the requirements.
Identification of Factors affecting to the Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus) Harvest in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Infaas, A.A.F.S.; Liyanage, N.P.P.; Wickramaratne, I.U.; Jayawardana, J.M.D.R.; Dias, P.C.B.
The blue swimming crab; Portunus pelagicus is a tropical marine crustacean species, having higher demands in local and global crab market during last few decades. But, there are limited studies on present harvest of blue swimming crab industry in Sri Lanka. Hence this study was conducted to investigate the current status of Blue swimming crab fishery and factors affecting on the daily harvest of Blue swimming crab in the Eastern Province, Sri Lanka. Stratified and Random Sampling techniques were used to select the target and by catch fisheries from Ampara, Batticaloa and Trincomalee districts. Data associated with harvesting methods and practices of Blue swimming crabs were collected from 372 fishermen and 23 sellers using pre tested structured questionnaire. Collected data were statistically analyzed using Minitab 17 software and MS Excel. Multiple Linear Regression model was fitted to determine the main factors affected on the daily Blue swimming crab harvest. Descriptive statistical analysis suggested that majority of the fishermen in the Eastern Province used Gill net (94.7%), while less percentage of fishermen used Cast net (2.9%) and Trap net (2.4%). It was found that, in average 4.5 kg of daily harvest was obtained and average price of blue Swimming crab was Rs 271.69 per kg. Furthermore, results of Regression analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship in daily Blue swimming crab harvest with mesh size, length of net, depth of net and number of net pieces (p<0.001). Study concluded that improving these factors would increase the Blue swimming crab harvest in. Eastern Province of Sri Lanka and necessary attention needs to be given at policy making in future.
Impact of Seed Moisture Content on Yield, Antioxidant Activity and Free Fatty Acid Content of Sesame Oil
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Abeysekara, D.C.; Shanthini, R.
This research was undertaken to assist Sri Lankan sesame oil producers to further enhance yield and quality of their products. Oil samples were extracted using a screw expeller, in triplicate, from blackish (86±1%) sesame seeds having moisture content (M) of 0.3, 3.3, 3.6, 4.6, 5.1, 6.3, 7.0 and 7.9% on dry basis (db). Oil samples were half filled in clear glass bottles and stored on table top for 4 months. Antioxidant activity (AOA) was determined by quantifying the amount of 2, 2- diphenyl- 1 -picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenged by phenolic fractions of oil. Free fatty acid in oil (FFA, % as oleic acid) was also determined. Oil yield (Y g oil per 100 g dry weight of seeds) was estimated as Y = 0.6M3-11.8M2+71.9M-95.9 and mean temperature (°C) of oil being extracted as T = -1.5M2+14.9M+21.8 with 99.7% and 90.3% variability in Y and T explained by M, respectively. Maximum Y of 45.0+0.2 and T of 60+3 °C were close to M of 4.6 and 5.1% db, and these values were significantly different from other M values studied. FFA contents of all oil samples studied were well below 3.0 and therefore satisfied the quality standard for FFA of sesame oil. Minimum and maximum FFA contents of 0.810.1 and 2.2±0.1 were obtained at M of 4.6 and 7.9% db, respectively, both of which were significantly different from FFA of all other M values studied. No significant differences were observed among ADA of oil samples studied which spanned the range of 0.67 to 0.75 µmot DPPH loss per g oil. It could therefore be concluded that 4.6 to 5.1% db seed moisture contents gave the seeds adequate amount of water to maintain the temperature required to assist in cell wall rapture and in pushing oil out of the seeds and through the voids with ease while preventing plasticization within the seeds. Lowest and the significantly different FFA content obtained suggested that an M of 4.6% db was the best choice for delaying potential oil oxidation leading to rancidity during oil storage.
Foliar Application of Seaweed Liquid Extracts on Growth Performance of Glycine max (L.)
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Bandara, B.W.L.W.; Sutharsan, S.; Srikrisnah, S.
Seaweeds are found in coastal areas of Sri Lanka. Usage of synthetic fertilizer and pesticide cause vast array of health hazards and environmental problems. Seaweed extracts are one of the alternatives to these problems. In this regard, the first experiment was conducted to find out the seaweeds availability in the coastal Pasikudah area. Six different species were identified and their physiochemical properties were investigated. Those were Sargassum crassifoliuin, Turbinaria turbinata, Halimeda opuntia, Salvinia nwlesta, Oldenlandia corymbosa. Among six species two most abundantly available species of Sargassum crassifolium and Turbinaria turbinata were selected for second experiment using soybean varieties namely Pb-1 and MISB 01. Pot experiment was conducted in the Crop Farm, Eastern University to find out the effect of seaweed extracts on growth performance of two soybean varieties. The experiment was arranged in a Factorial Complete Randomized Design with six treatments and eight replicates. Seaweed extract 20% was applied to soybean varieties at weekly interval until harvest and their performance were recorded. Both foliar seaweed extract applications had significant (p<0.05) effect on tested parameters of two soybean varieties. Foliar application of S. erassifolium and T. turbinata extracts increased chlorophyll content (10.29, 10.55 SPAD Units), number of flowers (133.89%, 87.08%), effective nodules (165.2%, 65.2%) and shoot biomass (107.7%, 50.9%), respectively in MISB 01. Also in Pb-1 increased chlorophyll content (18.2, 17.49 SPAD Units), number of flowers (104.25%, 29.78%), effective nodules (115.54%, 42.01%), shoot biomass (93.52%, 59.11%). Among two seaweed varieties, S. crassifoliwn provided highest performance on number of flowers, effective nodules and biomass of both soybean varieties. It could be concluded in this experiment that S. crassifoliwn seaweed liquid extract can be used to increase the growth performance of both soybean varieties.
Social cost of crime: a simple model of human interdependence
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Herath, T. N.
Crime creates heavy costs to a society. Cost of direct crime has been categorized and estimated by a number of researchers. Some such categorizations divide crimes into two broad groups namely crimes against property and crimes against human beings. However, such calculations rarely explain the overall aftermaths of crime on other parties than victims. This study makes an attempt to fill this gap by explaining final or accumulated cost of crime. It takes a natural characteristic, namely, interdependence of man and societies into account and builds up a model to explain interrelations between people and extent of cost of crime. Owing to interdependence of human life, availability of consumer goods and services is a function of supply of labour and material wealth of some others. Taking this property into account a simultaneous equation model can be postulated and used to explain that one's life and material property are beneficial for others in producing, providing and satisfying their needs. The model further explains that decrease in overall availability of goods and services is a cost of crime and that crime creates costs not only to victims but also to other related parties. Furthermore, the model is related to social model of crime prevention which proposes to enhance the 'social capital' or the relationships between people to protect people from crime. The study concludes that grave crimes especially homicide undermines human relationships and social network or interdependent nature of human beings. Therefore, crime can be defined as a prohibition on interdependent characteristic of man. Understanding the characteristic of interdependent property among people and including that in legal documents would be avenues to reduce crime and retain peace in the world.
Preliminary study of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Viral (ISKNV) disease in Asian sea bass (Lutes calcurifer) using histopathological method in Sri Lanka
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Ekanayake, U.L.N.S.; Fouzi, M.N.M.; Wijesundera, R.R.M.K.K.; Senevirathna, J.D.M.; Kurukulasuriya, M.S.; Jayaweera, W.R.; Wanasinghe, W.M.L.A.; Sakajamary, V.
Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Viral (ISKNV) disease is causing mass mortality in both marine and freshwater fish. Detection of this disease is crucial due to confusing clinical manifestations with many other bacterial and viral diseases. Pathology is one of the old and promising method for confirmatory diagnosis. The present study was carried out to confirm the presence of ISKNV in the cultured marine fish: Asian sea bass by histopathological method. Twenty moribund fish samples of sea bass with the mean weight of 60±20g were collected from cultured ponds in Trincomalee and Chillaw. Fish were selected based on the clinical signs suspected for ISKNV such as dark coloured fish with apathy, abnormal swimming, loss of appetite, pale gills and petechial hemorrhages in the operculum, mandible, fin base and abdomen. Spleen, Kidney, Liver, Gill and Brain samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) for histopathological analysis. The formalinfixed tissues were processed routinely, embedded in paraffin wax, cut at 4 pm, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Postmortem finding of the study documented the presence of pale liver, pale gills, splenomegaly and fin rot. Degenerative and necrotic lesions in the kidney (mainly tubular epithelia) were observed in 15 fish (75%). Inflammatory cell (granulocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes) aggregates were observed in 10 fish (50%), while 17 fish (85%) showed degeneration, necrosis and vacuoles in hepatocytes with basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Inflammation of the gills were also observed in 10 fish (50%). This is the first study reporting the presence of ISKNV in the cultured marine fish: Asian Sea bass in Sri Lanka. Further studies are needed to determine the pathogenesis and pathology of ISKNV in different species of fish.
Identify the Customers’ Purchase Intention towards the Sponsored Products (Special Reference to Reality Shows)
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Jayasundara, W.K.L.D.; Fernando, P.I.N.
Reality shows are the current trend of many Medias, because of the higher popularity of the reality shows many sponsors are sponsoring to those programs. Main purpose of the sponsorships is increase the market share through reality marketing. Even though sponsors are expected to increase market share and profit through sponsorship, sponsors are not aware about the actual impact of reality sponsorship. The main objective of this research study is explore the relationship between reality sponsorships and customers' purchase intention towards the sponsored products. Addition to the main objectives, researcher explores the level of these three variables, attitudes, subjective norms and perceive behavioral control. The conceptual model researcher tested by utilizing questionnaire and collected data from three hundred sample of reality spectators; sample consists with two categories as live spectators and TV spectators. Researcher tested collected data by utilizing SPSS software; main analysis methods are correlation analysis and regression analysis methods. Correlation reveals that subjective norms and perceive behavioral control determine the purchase intention while attitudes not influence on purchase intention. According to the results researcher has identified that there is a positive relationship between the sponsorships and purchase intention. Finally as the results organizations should aware on the customers' expectations when sponsoring to the program. In addition, sponsors should more stress on subjective norms and perceive behavioral control rather than attitudes. Moreover, researcher has identified there are many factors which affect purchase intention rather than subjective norms and perceive behavioral control. Managers should focus on these results when they are designing marketing strategies for reality shows.
Pneumatic Rotary Turret Feeder
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Nandasiri, R. H. A. G.; Kumari, K. W. S. N.; Watawana, B. J.
Part orientation, sorting and feeding in highly inflammable chemical manufacturing situations can only use pneumatic powered automated systems instead of electro powered or hot steam powered automation systems, because electric charges and temperature increment can be a cause of ignition. A rotary turret feeder consists of two base mechanisms; having an oriented cylindrical bowl wall with a rotatable turret, which has specific shape cut at the edge. In the fabrication process, turret feeder was mounted within the bowl by an incline about 45 degrees from the horizontal axis. The incline of the feeder was determined, in order to increase the effect of the gravitational force on the caps. As a result of this, unstable caps re-enter to the sorting process. The torque generated by the pneumatic motor, which was mounted to the bowl with the same orientation, enables the rotary movements of the turret directly connected to the bowl. The rotary movement of the turret feeder is influenced for orienting bulk volumes of caps. The feeding turret includes specific shape carvings at its edge, which has inverse orientation geometry, needed as output orientation of the sorting item. Relevant orientation is the only stable orientation on the turret halls. Stable orientations of caps are taken out from the opening of the bowl wall by using an angular barrier. Barrier pushes the caps into the roughly finished angular surface. Due to the frictional force, pushed caps rotate into final desired orientation and slip through a guided fence as the output. As the results, low weighted side of the cap comes down as the output cap orientation and maximum feeding speed is 38 caps per minute. It can be acceptable for highly inflammable chemical manufacturing system's cap sorting situations as a safe, low cost, reliable and easily maintainable device. Keywords: Pneumatic, Rotary oriented, Turret, Cap sorting

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