Research Symposium-2012

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Study on Level of Histamine in Yellow fin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) in Relation to Body Size, Seasonal Variations and Spatial Variations
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Piyadasa, T.C.H.; Jayamanne, S.C.; Wethttiasinghe, M.P.
Sri Lanka has a 1 500 km costal line and 23000 k 2 exclusive economic zones and the country has been engaged in fishery activity for a long time. Tuna is one of most imported fishery product in Sri Lanka and the annual production is around 80,000 metric tons (Fisheries year book, 2008). The European Union is the highest importer of tuna from Sri Lanka followed by Japan and United Kingdom of America respectively. Yellow fin tuna (Tliunnus albacares) is the species mainly exposed as fresh fish products from Sri Lanks. Private sector plays a dominant role in the processing, mattering and distribution of fish lot local consumption and exports. Histamine is a naturally occurring substance in mammalian physiology and when it is released in large amounts causes allergic and other reactions (Cavanah and Casale, 1993). Histamine exerts its effects by binding to receptors on cellular membranes in the Respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and hematological/ immunological systems and the skin. Hence, the tuna with higher histamine levels are rejected in the export market. When consider landing sites, good hygienic practices on board fishing vessels, especially during landing and processing, is important to inanimate contamination with non- indigenous histamine producing bacterial species. Good hygiene at processing and preparation stages further along the supply chain is also imponant for the histamine development. So far, research has not been conducted in Sri Lanka regarding this issue and the present study aims to identify the factors inducing elevation of histamine levels in Tuna fish and improving the conditions to reduce histamine levels in Tuna.
Isolation of Indigenous Yeast Strains and Screening for Economically Important Properties
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Maralanda, S.M.T. A.I.; Chandrasena, G .; Keerthipala, A.P.
The yeast is used to ferment carbohydrate substrate present in sugarcane iTiolassss for tile production of ethanol. Molasses-based alcohol production is one of the major sugarcane base industries in Sri Lanka. Distillery of each sugar factory consumes all the molasses produced as co-products of sugar production and for ethyl alcohol production. This is directly influences the economic viability of the Sri Lankan sugar industry. However, elsewhere in the world resulting in high production costs and loss of potential revenue. The use of inferior yeast cultures is one of the major reasons for low fermentation efficiencies in Sri Lankan alcohol distilleries that use sugarcane molasses. The ‘ideal’ etha‹1oI producing yeast should possess fermentation and growth properties such as fast fermentation rates, high ethanol yields, high ethanol tolerance, low pH, and high temperature tolerance for fermentation. Use of efficient yeast strains improve ethanol yields iii the fermented wash would reduce distillation costs and hence the profitability of the overall process.( Chen, M. and Chen, J .C.P., 1985).
Software package for Issuing and Analyzing Traffic Spot fines
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Thilange, V.P.I; Gladkikh, V.
This project is focused on creating software package for which will reduce the time of current traffic spot fine issuing and payment process by providing software package for police officers and post officers, do their current process with less time period and to reduce th4 time wastage of the offender. The main concept of this technology is to use a mobile phone for police man instead of a traditional walky-talky. The android mobile application is able to insert the offence information done by the driver as the input of the system. Web application can access the database and using that offender can pay the fine. In addition to that the Java application can connect to the database and it can analyze the records and generate the reports. This will effectively reduce the usage of time and resources in the phases of, issuing, paying, analyze traffic fine records, maintenance records. There are several tools available for accessing database using mobile phone and analyze back data, but those are written in J2ME language. There is no similar tool available which provides this kind of architecture for issue, payments and analyzes traffic spot fines. Also tool has the capability of do the CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) operations for table records and analyzes records by charts
Development of Curry Leaf Extraction Incorporated Low Fat Herbal Sausage with Jackfruit (Ariocnrpus heteropltyllus) Seeds Flour Binder
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Dissanayake, K. D. K . K; Ranasinghe, M.K; Liyunnge, A
Jack fruit (Artocaryus helerophyllus L ui n.) belongs to the family Moraceae, bears the largest Fruit among the edible fruits. Jackfruit tree is native to Sri Lanka and popular in several tropical and sub-tropical countries. Jackfruit has been reported tO contain *'8* levels of protein, starch, calcium and thiainine (Burkill, 1 997). Roasted, dried seeds are ground to make flour which is blei\ ded with corn starch flour for food binder. Curry leaves has proven benefits for problems related to stomach disorders and indigestion. Curry leaves has been known to prevent premature graying of the hair. The leaves also aid in the absorption of iron with their abundance of folic acid. Curry leaves improve circulation and is anti-inflammatory and delay prematufe graying and is anti- microbial, anti-diabetic and hypo-cholestrolemic. In addition, these leaves are applied on bi uises a id skin ciuptions and are used as a hair tonic. Incorporating curry leaves into your daily diet can he ip you lose weight. These leaves flush out fat and toxins, reducing fat deposits that are storecl in the body, as well as reducing bad cholesterol levels. The leaves contaiii 6.5% protein, 4,8% fat, 17.9% sugar and 6.2% crude fiber and which also form a good source of vita iii iii A, calcium and oxalic acid (Farhath-Khanuin e/ ml., 2000). Sri Lankan sausage industry at present, uses corn starch as food binder although it is costly and imported. Therefore, it is economically viable to use locally available jack seeds flour as a binder. Hence, present study was carried out to investigate the possibility of developing a low fat Verbal sausage with cure leaves extraction and jack seeds flour as a binder.
Impact of Customer Service Officers' Commitment and Insurance Company Performance
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Shanika, S.K.P.; Sutha, J.
The insurance industry in Sri Lanka was able to achieve a significant growth in current period. Those are developing financial institutions in the market and which play a vital role in the social and economic development. It will be reducing the uncertainties and improving the financial resources. There are two important channels which are helping the insurance sector for the economic and social development. Those channels are reducing uncertainties and pooling the long term financial resources. Simply insurance means promise of compensation for any potential future losses. Protection against loss for which ou pay a certain sum periodically in exchange for a guarantee that you'll be compensated under stipulated conditions for any specified loss by fire, accident, death, etc. Insurance companies mainly provide the services to their customers. Hence, they highly focus their attention on customer's needs and wants. When customer satisfied with the service of insurance companies they become the loyalty customers of that company. Therefore, customer Relationship Managementis very important to the insurance companies.Customer relationship managementis a widely implemented strategy for managing a company's interactions with customer, clients and sales prospects by establishing separate department and with especially training customer service officers. Customer service officers' commitment is most important especially in the service industry Organizational commitment in the field of organizational behavior. industrial/ Organizational Psychology is in a general sense, the employee's psychological attachment to the organization. It can be contrasted with other work-related attitudes such as job satisfaction, defined as an employee's feelings about their job, and organizational identification, defined as the degree to which an employee experiences a 'sense of oneness' with their organization. Organizational commitment is a multi-dimensional construct that denotes the relative strength of an individual's identification with, involvement in, and loyalty to a particular organization (Allen and Meyer, 2007).Organizational commitment is a significant thing of the employees in every organization in the world because that would be impacted to the organization performance. Therefore the researcher decided to find the customer service officers' commitment and insurance companies' performance. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between customer service officer commitment and insurance companies' performance and to identify the relative contribution of organizational commitment toward insurance companies' performance.
Development of Fish Glue using Skin of Yellow fin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and Mahi-mahi (Coryphaenidae hippurus) and Characterization of glue Properties
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Manjula, U.D.P.; Jayamanne, S.C.; Nadeeka, T; Malawige, M
Fish glue is made out of fish skin and is a special type of glue which differs from other animal glue due to their specific glue properties. It remains as a liquid in room temperature and has a higher open time, and very sticky (Shepherd, 2009). Fish glue is usually made from head bones, skin and fins of the cold water marine fish. Characteristics of the final glue product depend on the raw material selected (Norland„ 1990). Recognition of the limited biological resources and increasing environmental pollution has emphasized the value-addition using under-utilized fish and the by-products from the fish industry (Geurard ei at. 2002). Dorsal skin of Yellow fin tuna (Thtuuiius albacares) is removed during tuna processing and can be used as a source of fish collagen. The main objective of this study was to find out the best quality fish glue using fish skin of the yellow fin cuna and Mahi-mahi (Cor)›phaenidae hippurus), and to identify the best and cheapest processing method For extraction of fish glue from yellow fin tuna and Mahi-mahi fish skin.
Development of a Hazard analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Manual for a Food Process in g Plant
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Rajapaksha, S.R.M .K .P.; Mahindarathne, M . G . P. P.; Samarawikrama, B. A.S. K.
Quality and safety in manufacturing food have a greater importance by today more than any other day where, consumers are very much viii last and educated on the matter , accordingly the industry regulations and standards have been elevated auld enforced and more importantly these parameters are being heavily used by the marketers in securing their market share. Curry Mate (Pvt) Ltd., is a well-established i1›edi \In scale food processing enterprise which is engaged in the production of many ready to eat food ile‹\1s a \d curry i+1ixtures packed in bottles, cans and plastic bags for local and export markets. The con1pai j' lf as beeil doing well more than twenty five years gaining the recognition and reputation of the consumers. However, the absence of internationally accepted quality certification has become c bottleneck at present in coiripelin s both local and i nternatioi1al n ai kets. Tl1erc£ore, it is principle such as HACCP. HACCP is a tool to assess hazarJs and establish conti ol systems that focus on preventive measures rather than relying i4ia inly on end-product testing (Codex Alinentarious, 99§). It is one o£ Ills it te‹ i1al ioiially recognized food stai1dard development by the Codcx A Iiitientai' io‹is Come» ission. Ailed it is necessary to develop a HACCP plan prior to iirplei›iei\ting HACCP gunits system in the food processing plait. According gly, the main objective of this study was to develop a manual to implement HACCP quality system in the food processing plant and the specific objective was to analyze the gaps and feasibility
Development of a Multi-Ingredient Herbal Tea Blend
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Bandaranayake, B. M. A. N.; Bandara, S. M. I. P. G; Wijayaratne, L. K. W.; Jayakody, N.
At present, there is a higher consumer demand for herbal tea especially in Japan,North- East Asia and the Eastern Europe due to their medicinal properties. This research was conducted to develop a multi-ingredient herbal tea blend as a value added new product for the future Sri Lankan tea industry. The objectives of this research were: • to develop a multi ingredient herbal tea blend using chamomile (Matricaria recutita), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), ginger (Zingiber officinale) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) • to determine the selected quality parameters of the developed herbal tea blend • to determine the production cost of the developed herbal tea blend .
Development of a Herbal Tea Beverage
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Rathnayaka, A.M.A.B.; Mahindarathne, M.G.P.P.; Aberathna, Naresh
Across the globe, there are about 150 million people suffering from diabetes mellitus. Each of these people is at increased risk of developing a number of complications, each of which are associated with a reduction in quality of life and an increase in individual morbidity and mortality. However, despite these physiological implications, as well as the financial burden associated with the management of the disease, existing treatment options are costly, and have limited, palliative effects. One treatment that is emerging as a potential panacea for the management of diabetes is Masbedda (Gymnema sylvestre). The leaves are used in herbal medicine preparations. Herbal drinks have gained in popularity in recent years due to the health benefits. Today, ready to drink beverages products have huge demand in the export market. Because ready-to-drink tea is better than virtually every other packaged beverage for meeting the health and wellness requirements of consumers and the increasing desire for natural products combined with an obligatory convenience character. Although various herbal value added tea product are exported from Sri Lanka, still the availability of Ready-to-Drink herbal tea products for export market are not satisfactory. Therefore, tea exporters have to be involved in developing tea with herbs as value added products to earn more revenues in this competitive market. Therefore, this study was carried out to develop a ready to drink herbal tea beverage using Green tea with Masbedda, Cinnamon and Cardamom.
Design and Development of an Automated Portable Medical Ventilator
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Gunathilaka, T.; Herath, H.M.C.N.; Kapuduwa, K.K.S.G.U.; Samitha, M.P.H.K.
Respiratory diseases and injury induced respiratory failures have become a major public health problem in the world. These diseases are enhanced by air pollution, smoking, and burning of biomass for fuel, all of which are on the rise in developing countries. Patients with these respiratory diseases may undergo breathing difficulties. A medical ventilator is a device which helps in such situations when patients have difficulties to breathe on their own. It comes in many different varieties .These are mainly used in intensive care units in hospitals, in homecare and when transporting patients. Portable ventilators are compact devices designed to provide mechanical ventilation in settings where piped gases and mains electricity are unavailable whereas in ambulances while the patient is transporting. Unfortunately automated portable medical ventilators available today are expensive. When considering a developing country like Sri Lanka, it is difficult to afford such a large amount for a portable ventilator Only a few portable ventilators are available in Sri Lanka hospitals. Lack of portable ventilators has become one of the leading causes of death during the transportation of patients who have breathing difficulties. Therefore the main objective of this project is to develop an automated portable medical ventilator at a low cost with better reliability and acceptable accuracy using available resources.
Evaluation of Nitrogen Fixation Ability of Azospirillum spp. associated with Sugarcane, Maize and Guinea Grass
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Kumari, D. P. M. K.; Chandrasena, G.
Biological nitrogen fixation is gaining importance in current agriculture because of people’s concern on the environmental and soil heath that are caused by the continuous use of nitrogenous fertilizers and need for improved sustainable productivity. From several earlier studies, it has been shown that, Azospirillum is an important free-living, N fixing bacterium which makes a symbiotic association on roots of different crops. Nitrogen fixation by Azospirillum spp. in association with grasses and other plants has been examined when it is observed in preparation of a bio fertilizer. Biofenilizers are defined as preparations containing living or latent cells of efficient strains of microorganisms that help crop plants to uptake of nutrients by their interactions in the rhizosphere, when applied through seeds or to Oil treatments. The present study was conducted to isolate the Azospirillum spp., to evaluate the nitrogen fixation abilities of isolates and to assess the perforiiiaMce of inoculated plants.
Effect of Herbal Methionine Supplementation on Feet Intake, Weight Gain and Feed Conversion Ratio of Broiler Chicken
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Nanayakkara, K.G. M. D; B u lu mulla, P. B. A. L. K; Gu nath ilake, C
The broiler industry has developed all over the world during past few decades and the production of poultry meal and other products leave been significantly increased in Sri Lanka with the last few years. The requirement of nutrients for broilers is higher than the other livestock animals. One of the most important areas is amino acid nutrition. Of the essential amino acids required for poultry, methionine is usually first limiting in diets based on maize and soya bean meal. It is more economical to add methionine than more soda bean real or other natural protein to meet the requirement (Holder and Roy, 2007). Methionine is an indispensable amino acid, must be supplied in the diet of the chicken, as the poultry birds are unable to synthesise it in the amounts necessary to sustain life and growth the supplementation of broiler feeds with this amino acid is very common in the poultry industry. However, synthetic Methionine is metabolized into higtily toxic compounds such as methyl propionate, trim ethylamine there by adversely altering the performance of poultry birds (Ha I der and Roy, 2007). Recently the use of synthetic Methionine has been questioned and their use is becoming restricted in many regions of the world. Therefore, there is renewed interest in developing natural alternative suppliants to in an intern an into I performance and wellbeing. Herbal Methionine is a unique poultry feed supplement, which contains Methionine in a natural and bio active form as a readily digestible composition along with the enzyme activity (Kanduri and others, (2011). Herbal Methionine as a source of ‘active Methionine’ is c fainted to be effective in its optimum activity for proper broiler accretion and other functions in poultry birds so that they can reach better growth and performance potential (Halder and Roy, 2007). Methionine deficiency leads to poor feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and retarded growth in chicken. In this experiment a comparative study on the performance of coi11mercial broiler chicks (Hubbard Flex) bed a ration with DL- n4elhioninc and fed with DL Methionine was carried out.
Development of Protocol for in vitro Propagation of Gladiolus
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Liyanage, L.P.H.; Jayasinghe, H.A.S.L.J; Alwis, L.M.H.R.
Gladiolus, the queen of bulbous flowers belonging to family lridiaceaeis one of the most important and popular cut flower. Gladiolus occupies the first place in the international floriculture trade (Ghanie/ at. 2008). Gladiolus has long lasting flower stalks, attractive colors and numerous forms which make its higher consumer demand in the market. In Sri Lanka, only few farmers have tended to cultivate gladiolus as a commercial crop. Due to high vulnerability to the diseases and pests and unavailability of high quality disease free planting materials, flower growers dis-incline to cultivate gladiolus in their fields. Therefore, mass production of high quality planting materials and continuous supply are essential to promote the gladiolus cultivation in Sri Lanka. Gladiolus is vegetative propagated by corms and cormlets, which is a time consuming method due to very slow rate of mu Itiplication and disease factors (Torabi-Giglou and Hajieghrari. 2008). la vitro propagation methods become a viable alternative to the conventional propagation methods and are widely used for producing high quality disease free planting materials. There Fore, present study was undertaken to develop a protocol for lit vitro propagation of gladiolus by studying the effect of sterility and different hormone combinations for direct and indirect organogenesis
2D to 3D Image Visualizer
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Bandara, P.B.M.M.A.; Wickramarathna, S.D.H.S.
The ordinary photographs are only considered about just an individual photograph itself. Since these photographs act individual character in a scene there is no way to visualize a connection between them. Also browsing of each captured photographs is not relative to other though these photographs are in the same scene. But there is a possible way to reorganize the relative position and orientation of ordinary photographs which are captured by a digital camera device. That is, reorganize the important features on each photographs using feature detection algorithm, then match each photograph by matching these features, then estimate the relative camera pose against each photograph in order to calculate relative replacement and orientation of each photographs on 3D environment. It is useless to calculate the 3D replacement without visualizing them, because the real world scenes are in 3D environment. Therefore, 3D visualizer, to visualize all calculated photographs is developed with very user friendly and interactive way. This project is to develop a system for interactively browsing and exploring unstructured collections of photographs of a scene using a three-dimension interface.
Morphological Characterization of Newly Improved Tea (Camellia Sinensis L. 0. Kuntze) Cultivars
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Ruwanpura, U. D. R. E.; Ranatunga, M. A. B.; Alwis, L. M. H. R.
Improved tea cultivars is one of the key determinants in facing emerging challenges of the tea industry such as high cost of production, declining land productivity, yield fluctuation due to adverse climatic effects and maintaining quality and quantity of the end product. In line with the breeding priorities Tea Research Institute (TRI) has developed its next series of cultivars which is going to be available for commercial planting in the near future. Agronomic trait evaluation of nine elite cultivars selected for up country tea growing region has completed and it is intended to characterize them for morphological descriptors before releasing them. Hence, this study was conducted with the objective of characterizing newly improved tea cultivars using internationally accepted standards and to distinguish the discriminating morphological attributes which are useful in identification of cultivars. This study was also aimed to formulate a vivid description of newly improved cultivars by preparing a cultivar catalogue
Use of Refuse Tea as a Growing Medium for Hydroponically Grown Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Rathnayeka, R.M.V.K.; Mahindarathne, M.G.P.P.
As the vegetable cultivation in Sri Lanka is highly seasonal and mostly weather dependent, there is a surplus of vegetable production in favorable seasons and a deficit during off seasons. Tomato is owe of the most popular vegetable among the farmers owing to this potential incoiiie, even during tile off season. Meantime, tomato is an essential item in Sri Lankan diet, giving a year-round high demand. The amual requirement of tomato is net Mainly by open field cultivations. But the tomato cultivation during the off season is low and difficult due to bad weather conditions. According to Weerakkody c/ n/.,(200 I ), Controlled Environmental Agriculture (CEA) is a new demanding technology, which has been developed to minimize the infl uence of undesirable enviroilneblal conditions on crop production. Hydroponics, wh ich is commonly practiced under CEA, is a cultivation method which helps to obtain 8 od quality Products with high yields. As sni I less cultivation is done under hydroponics, the growing Medium plays an important role in prod\icing fruits with good qualities. However, the ideal growing media and other requirement for each crop grown ui1der protected environments in Sri Lanka have not been studied yet in detail (Dayananda and Wahundeniya, 200 I). Coir dust is the most growing medium used in hydroponics in Sri Lanka. As coir dust is comparatively expensive and abundantly available on ly in coastal areas, using coir dust for hydroponics in up country, increases the cost of production. Accord ink to the Kularathne c/ ul., (2004) as an agricultural country, Sri Lanka produces number of agricultural wastes such as coir dust, paddy hush, refused tea, paddy straw, sugar cane trash etc., which could be used as pr›tential growing media. Therefore, refused tea is an alternat ive growing used ium which can be ‹ised ii\ ‹ip country areas easily, with a low cost. But, enough assessments have not been conducted yet in Sri Lanka relented to refused tea as a hydroponics growing iced iun . There Fore, It is study is an effort to assess the performances of refused rea as a growing mediun› for hydroponically grown tomato.
Convert 2D Images to 3D Image
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Menikdiwela, M. P.; Ekanayake, Thushara
Image processing gives a major contribution to the modern technology such as robot navigation, medicine, video games, three dimensional televisions etc. And also there are some places we cannot ever reach those places, which are war areas, space, deep sea etc. But we can get satellite images. Those images can be processed by image processing techniques. Therefore, recently image processing is a widely developing part of the technology. The 3D view means third dimension of depth which can be perceived by the human vision in the form of binocular inequality. Human eyes are located at slightly different positions which can observe different views of the real world. The brain is then able to reconstruct the depth information from these different views. A 3D display takes advantage of this phenomenon, creating two slightly different images of every scene and then displaying them to the individual eyes. With an appropriate disparity and calibration of parameters, a correct 3D perception can be identified 2D to 3D conversion is also an important step in image processing. By the support of MatlabOD software, it is possible to develop algorithms for 2D to 3D image conversion. Matlab® is one of the major software in image processing, because it has its own programming language. Whole algorithm is run by the concept of stereovision. With two images of the same scene captured from the slightly different views and get the 3D view is identified as stereovision. Binocular stereo vision uses only two images.
Modeling Groundwater Contamination by Agro Nutrients
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Vasan, S.; Attanayake, A.N.B.; Udagedara, D.T.
Well water is an important source which provides drinking water supply especially to dry zone of Sri Lanka. Therefore considering the quality of groundwater is essential to ensure the health of human and other living things. However the quality of groundwater varies place to place, mainly depending on its geological origin even though. it is become deteriorated by various anthropogenic activities. Nowadays in Sri Lanka this is especially due to the extensive use of agro chemicals. In this content, this study was carried out regarding the groundwater contamination by agrochemicals. The study was focused on 10 Km' area encircled the paddy land associated with Vavuniya Tank. Topographic map of the study area was grasped deeply for the site visit to acquire hydrogeological features. Flow direction was roughly assumed by investigating hydrogeological features. In this area 68 well water samples were collected for the water quality analysis.
Study the Effects of Particle Size and Other Engineering Properties of Granular Soils on Compaction
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Anushka, M.D.; Gunathilake, .A.J.K.G.
Granular soil is mostly used in construction field as a filling material. Soil is compacted by removing air and water from its pore spaces. Particle size is the important parameter that varies during the experiment. Mainly, influence of gravel size particles on compaction has been determined. Present study was intended to fulfill certain objectives such as to develop a relevant grain size mixture of granular soil, for better filling purposes in construction field. Ten samples were selected from one soil type. All these samples were tested under the Standard proctor compaction test. Samples were sieved and separated into different particle sizes using American standard sieve set with sieve shaker. Weight of each separation fractions were measured and recorded. Then measured gravel size fraction of each sample was mixed thoroughly with fraction of particle size that less than 2mm (particle size below the gravel size) with various percentages by using sample splitter (10% of gravel size with 90% of fines, 20% of gravels with 80% of fines etc.) are tested for proctor compaction tests were carried out for mixed samples. Maximum dry density was calculated. Considerably gradual increasing of dry density with increasing percentage of gravel size particles could be observed. The sample which has the highest dry density has 80% of gavel size particles. The sample which has lowest dry density has 10% of gravel size particles. Dry density values of other samples were spreaded out among the highest and lowest values of dry density.This study showed that the maximum dry density is increased with increasing of percentage of gravel size particles in granular soil sample. Therefore it can be concluded that the compaction of granular soil will be intensified with increasing of gravel size particles as the compaction is expressed by dry density.
Study on Present Status of Local Root and Tubes crops Grown in Uva Region
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Dissanayake, M.U.K; Alwis, L.M. H. R; Rathnayake, R. M. C .W. M.
Local root and tuber crops are important and popular food crops which can be used as the main meal as well as side dish in Sri Lanka. They are vegetatively propagated, produce underground food, and are bulky perishables. The major and the popular local root and tuber crops are yarns (Dioscorea species), cess asa (Manihotesculenf ‹z), sweet potato (Ipomoea bataias), and edible aroids (Colocasiaesculenia and Juu f8osomospp). Also they are high in carbohydrates, medicinal value and adaptability for the different climates. At Jeast one or more varieties of local root and tuber crops are available in any given petiod of the year and farmers can easily cultivate these crops due to its easy management, minimum pest and disease attacks, less input, less attention as wet I as ability to cultivate in marginal lands (Department of Agriculture, 2006).Therefore local root and tuber crops are certainly an alternative for food security of country. Today, local root and tuber crops consumption and cultivation however have been ignored and these crops are facing a threat of extinction in Sri Lanka. Therefore present study was conducted to study the present status of local root and tuber crops grown in Uva region and to collect different types of local root and tuber crops available in Uva region.

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