Browsing by Author "Siriwardana, U.P."
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Item Effect of Palm Oil as an Alternative Plasticizer in Tyre Tread Compound(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Siriwardana, U.P.; De Silva, W.A.N.T.; Chandrasena, G.; Vithanachchi, J.Raw natural rubber and synthetic rubbers are compounded with other substances to have useful articles. Plasticizers play a major role in rubber compounding and petroleum based mineral oil are mostly used as plasticizers for tyre components. But mineral oil is a nonrenewable resource and some of them have been identified as carcinogenic. Naturally occurring oils from agricultural sources have been investigated as an alternative plasticizer in tyre tread compound for several years but there has been no systematic study of the effect of palm oil with respect to the all three types of mineral oils; aromatic, paraffinic and naphthenic oils. The objective of this work was to study the possibility of using palm oil as a cost effective alternative plasticizer for petroleum based mineral oils in tyre trade compound. The experiment was carried out in Research and Development section at Samson Compounds (Pvt) Ltd (DSI Group), Bataduwa, Galle, Sri Lanka. Four types of compounds were prepared with aromatic, naphthenic paraffinic and palm oil plasticizers according to the formulation of material. RSS III-75.000, SBR (Styrene Butadiene Rubber)-25.000, Processing oil-10.000, N330- Carbon Black-50.000, TMQ-Antioxidant-2.000, ZnO-5.000, Steric acid-1.500, 6PPD(N- benzthiazyl sulphenamide)-1.300, DPG (N-diphenylguanidine)-0.200, Sulfur-2.300, Wax-2.000 were used to prepare the tyre tread compound . Mixing was carried out on a laboratory size (160mmx320 mm) two roll mixing mill (Model - COMERI M-89) and the respective cure characteristics were determined using a Monsanto Rheometer (Model 100 FF). Tensile properties and tear strength were tested according to the ISO 37, 1977 using tensile tester (Model TS 1000). Hardness was determined as descri bed in ISO 48, 1979 with a dead load hardness tester. According to the ISO 815, 1991 compression set was tested. Abrasion resistance was measured according to the Din 53516 standards using Abrasion tester (Model GT-7012). Rebound resilience was measured using a Lupke Pendulum according to the ISO 4662-1986 standards. Specific gravity was measured using an Electronic densimeter. Thermal oxidative aging was analyzed as a measure of tensile properties. Tensile properties were tested for four types of compounds after aging over 22 hrs in 70 C and palm oil based compound was tested for tensile properties as a function over time.Item Effect of Palm Oil as an Alternative Plasticizer Tyre Tread Compound(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Siriwardana, U.P.Sri Lanka is the leading exporter of solid tyres for off road vehicles, accounting for nearly 20% of the global market. Petroleum based mineral oils play a major role as plasticizers in tyre compound formulation. Mineral oil plasticizers are nonrenewable resources and some of them have been identified as carcinogenic. Besides, annex 17 of the EU REACH Regulation restricts eight PAHs and extender oils contain more than 1 mg/kg of BaP, or more than 10mg/kg of the sum of all restricted PAHs. Therefore applicability of palm oil as a cost effective, renewable and eco-friendly alternative was investigated throughout the experiment. Experiment was carried out to investigate curing characteristics, physical- mechanical properties and thermal oxidative properties of a NR/ SBR based black tyre tread compound. Aromatic, naphthenic and paraffinic mineral oils and palm oil were separately assigned for a previously determined compound formulation as treatments. CRD method was used and each property was tested and measured independently with appropriate number of replicates according to the ISO procedures. Palm oil based tyre tread compound signified better performance in abrasion resistance, rebound resilience, elongation properties and lowest compression set. Tensile properties of the compound were also in admissible level with respect to other plasticizer based compounds. Rheometrical data implied the lowest delta cure value for palm oil based compound and hence reduction of the crosslinking density. Therefore palm oil can be used as an alternative plasticizer for mineral oil plasticizers with even better performances and co-activator effect of palm oil in curing system is suggested for further investigations. Key words: Palm oil, Plasticization, Mineral oil plasticizers, Cure characteristics, Mechanical properties