FIELD EVALUATION OF EXOTIC AND LOCAL RICE HYBRID VARIETIES
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Date
2016
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Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka
Abstract
Rice is a high energy caloric food. Rice consists of carbohydrate in form of starch which is about 73% of total grain composition, 4% phosphorus and enzymes. Rice protein contains glutein, known as oryzenin and also in the pericarp of the rice contains most of the minerals. Rice protein nutritive value is much higher than of wheat, maize or other cereals. (Suganthi and Nacchair, 2015)
Rice plays an important role in the economy of Sri Lanka as the staple food crop. Rice belongs to the Family Poaceae and also rice is classified into two subspecies, japonica and indica (Qian et al., 1995). In crop breeding, the use of hybrid vigour in first generation seeds is well known and much important. However, until about 40 years ago, its application in rice was limited because of self-pollination character of rice. Chinese scientists successfully transferred male sterility gene from wild rice to create the cytoplasmic genetic male sterile (CMS) line and hybrid combination (Cheng et al., 2007).
Inbred rice variety is a pureline, which means that the offspring or succeeding generations produced by this variety have same genetic makeup. This is the result of cross between two or more varieties and subsequent selection through self-pollination or inbreeding. Rice flower contains both male and female organs. This structure is useful to enhance the self-pollination in rice crop.
Hybrid rice is the product of a cross between two genetically distinct male and female inbred parents. When the right parents are selected, it will have high vigour and higher yield than either of parents. There are many advantages as well as the disadvantages in hybrid rice. Some of the advantages are increased yields, increased vigour and increased resistance to pest and diseases. Also very few disadvantages such as expensive seeds, and farmers cannot use their seeds from past season because of the genetic segregation of hybrid rice.
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Export Agriculture Degree Programme (EAG)