Research Symposium-2015

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Android mobile driving assistant for highway drivers
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Iloshini, P.A.A.; Thambawita, D.R.V.L.B.
Mobile based driving assistant that always communicate with the driver in an interactive way, has not introduced yet. It assists the driver when he is driving on highways and driver can control the assistant through his voice command. Mobile Driving Assistant helps driver to clarify the way that he drives. In addition, the driving assistant carefully examines the facial expressions of the driver and if he is in a drowsy condition, assistant suggests alternatives to overcome from those situations. This is a friendly interactive guide for the highway drivers. Recalling the history, in 2002 Ji and Yang (2002) has presented a detection drowsiness system based on infrared light illumination and stereo vision. This system localizes the eye position using image differences based on the bright pupil effect. Brandt et al. (2004) has shown a system that monitors the driver fatigue and inattention. For this task, he has used VJ method to detect the driver’s face. Using the optical flow algorithm over eyes and head this system is able to compute the driver state. Tian and Qin (2005) have built a system for verifying the driver’s eye state. Their system uses Cb and Cr components of the YcbCr color space; with vertical projection function this system localizes the face region and with horizontal projection function it localizes the eye region. Once the eyes are localized the system computes eye state using a complexity function. Pallavi M, S. Gawali in 2012 their research paper demonstrated the new non-intrusive approach for monitoring driver drowsiness depending on the driver and driving data fusion. They use percentage of eye closure (PERCLOS) model for estimating driver status. The driving information such as lateral position and steering wheel angle also use for drowsiness detection. Multilayer perceptron neural network has been trained for optimal performance score in this research paper. Yong Du, Peijun Ma in 2008 published a research paper on effective vision based driver fatigue detection method. In this at primary stage, the inter-frame difference approach binding color information is used to detect face. Marco Javier Flores and Jose Maria Armingol in 2008 presented the basic model for drowsiness detection. For this they used Viola & Jones (VJ) method to detect the driver’s face. Once face is detected SVM is used to detect eye status from trained data. Methodology For implementation of the Mobile Driving Assistant application, Samsung Galaxy Core was used as the mobile device and the android version 4.1(API level 16) was used as the development environment. The internet and GPS services need to be activated in Mobile Device. The Mobile Driving Assistant is based on android platform supported mobile phones only. Java was used as programming language and common programming language to develop android applications. ADT bundle was handled as IDE for the implementation. Android voice recognition and android Text-To-Speech facilities were focused in order to maintain the voice discussion between the driver and the mobile driving assistant. Applications that available in Android platform can potentially make use of any speech recognition service on the device that's registered to receive a Recognizer Intent. Google's Voice Search application, which is pre-installed on many Android devices, responds to a Recognizer Intent by displaying the "Speak now" dialog and streaming audio to Google's servers. The Android platform includes a Text-to-Speech (TTS) capability. Also known as "speech synthesis", TTS enables an Android device to "speak" text in various languages. Face and eye blinking detection is the most important module of the mobile driving assistant. Haarcascade_lefteye_2splits.xml files, distributed with OpenCV package were used to detect eyes when eyes are opened. OpenCV 2.4.9.0 was used for the image processing purposes.
The Arduino controlled incubator to control temperature and humidity
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Selvanigethan, S.; Wanniarachchi, W.K.I.L.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.
The incubator with the aid of a tungsten bulb to maintain the temperature and the water and a desiccator to maintain humidity was developed. The aim here is to enhance the ability of maintaining accuracy in temperature and humidity to keep them in desired value with bulb, water, and copper sulfate desiccator. Obtained results show a tolerance of 2% in temperature, and 3% in humidity inside the incubation area for a finite range. Incubators are widely used for hatching the eggs, food preservation, and laboratory purposes. Overall the incubator was made to study the ability to maintain humidity simultaneously with the temperature and also the accuracy of the both factors in relation to the expected output values. There were ways to maintain a temperature with a reduced error percentage but not clear ways exist to maintain the humidity with minimized error. The system is a closed loop one with feedbacks of the outputs time to time to check and reduce the error percentage. The controller is an on-off controller and the system is controlled by Arduino programming board (Arduino Mega – AT Mega 2560). Since the system is a simple on-off controller system the accuracy of the system is not perfect as well as a fuzzy logic controlled system or Proportional-plus-integral- plus-derivative controller system. Anyway the system suits for normal purposes in agriculture, food preservation, and egg hatching where a range of the temperature or humidity is only required. The system uses sensors to sense the temperature and humidity. The use of heat emitted from a bulb in temperature change is studied in this setup. The effect of exposure of water in adding water vapor to a space to increase the humidity, and the effect of copper sulfate desiccator in absorbing the water vapor to decrease the humidity are also studied throughout the research. Methodology A wooden box was made and the lower part of the box was separated by a wooden plate. In the separated lower part a water containing basin was fixed under the separation plate. The plate was drilled and an opening was created to make an interface between the face of water and the upper part of the area. The opening was closed by a plastic door and a 5.0 voltage gear motor was fixed with the door in order to control the opening and closing of the door. A tube like structure was created in the upper surface of the wooden plate and 100grams of dehydrated copper sulfate was added inside the tube. The opening of the tube towards the upper area of the incubator was closed by a plastic door and another 5.0 voltage gear motor is fixed with the door in order to control the opening and closing of the door. A 220 voltage, 100 Watts Tungsten bulb is fixed inside the upper part of the incubator which was the incubation area. Two sensors DHT22 humidity sensor, and LM35temperature sensor were fixed in the incubation area in order to measure the humidity, and temperature values. Adequate wirings were made to connect the motors, bulb, and sensors with the control circuit. The control circuit was created using PCB wizard software. A Relay (125VAC, 5VDC), ULN2003A integrated circuit, and L293D motor controller were used to create the circuit. The circuit was connected to an Arduino Mega development board and adequate wiring was made to connect the circuit board with Arduino Mega development board. The Arduino Mega development board was programmed to maintain the system with the desired values of temperature, and humidity.
An assessment on the possibility of process modification for crumb products, from manual packing to a semi-automated packing mechanism
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Fernando, H.S.S.; Wickramasinghe, I.; Lalantha, N.
Production management is an area of management concerned with overseeing, designing and redesigning business operations in the production of goods and services. Automation of a packing line will increase the productivity and will reduce contamination. Modern warehouses are called distribution centres, to emphasize that they only profit by moving goods. To a distribution centre, storage represents unproductive assets. In present era, fast food consumers are looking for readymade products and increased interest is shown in partial replacement of meat system with extenders/binders/fillers (Sohila, 2008). In recent times there has been a remarkable increase in demand for ready to eat meat products (Duxbury, 1989). Therefore food industry is now forced to develop a variety of convenience products with improved quality and lower cost to meet increasing demand for meat based food products (Thomas et al., 2007). The study evaluated the current packing mechanism with new, planned semi-automated mechanism relevant to the aspects such as overall labour effectiveness, warehouse utilization and etc. After analyzing the current and future scenarios, the study focused on the suggesting a vacuum packing operation for crumb products. Methodology The packing volume and the consumed labour hours were observed and noted in the data collection sheet as to evaluate the productivity difference between labour and machine. Then the chicken drumstick samples were subjected to a transport trial and the number of non- conformance units of chicken drumstick occurred in the transport trial was observed and noted regarding the current pack arrangement and new pack arrangement. Then two different arrangement methods were compared by using two sample T test to see whether there is a significant difference in defects/non conformances occurred during transportation (ISTA Guidelines). Also the number of non-conformance units of chicken drumstick occurred in the transport trial was observed regarding the new pack arrangement relevant to 310 gsm and 350 gsm pack densities. Then two different gsm packs were compared by using two sample T test to find out whether there is a significant difference in defects/non conformances occurred during transportation (ISTA Guidelines). The sample (10 g) was taken in to a 100 ml beaker and 25 ml of distilled water was added and mixed well. Then the pH measure was taken. About 5 g of the sample was weighed in to a moisture dish which was previously dried in an oven maintained at 105˚c and weighed. Once in every week TPC, E.coli count, Streptococci spp. count and fungus count were tested for each vacuum packed and non- vacuum packed samples. The sensory qualities of vacuum packed and non vacuum packed crumbed products (Chicken drumstick) were evaluated by a panel of ten panelists who were trained to familiarize with the sensorial attributes of fried chicken drumsticks using differentiating and descriptive tests. Result and Discussion According to One sample T test results, Labour packing productivity was significantly different (P<0.05) from the given machine packing productivity and unionized labour packing productivity was significantly different (P<0.05) from the non-unionized labour packing productivity. Also the “c” of cobb-dougles function was less than 1 and it reveals that non- unionized labour is more productive. According to the Two sample T test result, defects occurred in current packing arrangement was significantly different (P<0.05) from the defects percentage that occurred in new packing arrangement for 1kg and 300 g packs and defects occurred in 350gsm packs was not significantly different (P<0.05) from the defects percentage that occurred in 310gsm packs which are arranged in new packing arrangement for 1kg and 300g packs. Space saved by the new arrangement, for 1kg pack was 0.84 x 10 m and for 300g m . In the Two sample T test, vacuum packed chicken drumsticks and normal packed chicken drumsticks had a significant difference (P<0.05) in moisture levels measured in the consecutive storing weeks. Vacuum packed chicken drumstics have a less variation pattern compared to the normal packed chicken drumstics in moisture percentage. But there was no significant difference in pH variation (P>0.05) between the two samples. Salmonella, E.coli, Staphylococci. Spp., Yeast and mold were not observed during the 8 weeks of storing period (-18 ˚C) in both the vacuum packed and normal packed chicken drumstick samples. But the Total plate count increased with the storing period (-18 ˚C) according to the packing method. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test results colour, texture, taste and overall acceptability were significantly different in the vacuum packed (sample 622) and non vacuum packed (sample 351) chicken drumsticks. But odour was not significantly different between the two samples. Also the panelists more preferred the vacuum packed sample.
Blood bank management system
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Ekanayaka, E. M. S. S.; Wimaladharma, C.
Requirement of blood for the National Blood Transfusion Service of Sri Lanka has increased in last three years. Hence it is essential to increase the number of blood donors and maintain efficiency and updated service. In the last 10 years, the number of voluntary donors has been increased compared to non-remunerated donors. Though, there is an increased voluntary blood donor, because of the lack of information relating to bold donation, many people become disentitle to donating blood. Because of this reason, National Blood Transfusion Service of Sri Lanka continuously loses a bulk of acquirable blood for a year from people who are willing to donate blood. To organize blood donation campaigns, organizers need to go to the nearest blood bank to inform and get necessary things to organize blood donation campaigns. It is more time consuming and difficult task. Emergency patients, who need blood immediately, request blood through advertising on televisions or social media. To make the matter worse, National Blood Transfusion Service of Sri Lanka gets island wide blood stock update once a month. It causes further difficulty in terms of making decisions. “The Blood Bank Management system” is a web based system that directly addresses above problems by integrating relevant functions. Blood donors can register on the system and continuously they will be notified about the campaigns via SMS (Short Message Service). Campaign organizers can organize campaigns online and get responses from blood donors. Patients can request blood via online or sending a SMS. Daily blood stock can also be handled through the system. Methodology Blood Bank Management System is a web based system with integrating SMS alert function that implemented using HTML, PHP, CSS, JavaScript and JQuery for web development and MySQL for database design. Blood donor can register on the system and it will provide with a donor an ID. Blood campaign organizers can organize a campaign through online. The request is sent to the particular blood bank officer and officer can approve or reject the request. Once he/she approves the campaign, donors may get SMS notification to their mobile by informing the campaign. Not only that, organizer informs with the approved status via SMS to the organizer’s phone. Patients can request blood via online or just by sending a SMS to the system. Then system will inform to all the relevant donors with the request. Blood stock will be handled day by day through the system. Blood bank officer can add or remove a donor to the system and from the system. Also he can add blood stock to the relevant blood bank. Blood Bank Management system has separate Admin panel. Administrator can view island wide blood stock either as blood group or branch. Furthermore, administrator can add a new bank to the system as well as a user to the system. Results and Discussions According to the literature, some online systems are used in some foreign countries. However, there is no proper online system available in Sri Lanka. Blood Bank Management system is an efficient system as it is integrating all the functions with a SMS alert facility. The main goal of the Blood Bank Management system is to gather all the blood donors into one place automatically and inform them constantly about the opportunities to donate blood via a SMS to the donor’s mobile phone. Also the system should have functions to organize blood campaigns online. It makes easier to organizers to organize blood donation campaigns. Also the system is capable of handling blood stocks. Through t he daily updated blood stocks, management can make decisions effectively. Further system facilitates with the function that emergency patients can request blood online or by sending a SMS to the system. Ultimately the system provides proper communication among the blood donors, campaign organizers and the people who need blood.
Development of automated weather Station: three cup anemometer and tipping bucket rain gauge
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Liyanapathirana, B.C.; Chathurani, T.D.K.U.; Wanniarachchi, W.K.I.L.
Weather is the state of the atmosphere with respect to wind, temperature, cloudiness, moisture, pressure, etc. Weather measurement tools are used to determine the actual weather and forecasting. Natural wind in the open air is a three-dimensional vector that has the directions of north, south, east and west in addition to vertical components and magnitude (i.e., wind speed). As the vertical component is ignored for most operational meteorological purposes, surface wind is practically considered as a two-dimensional vector. An anemometer or wind meter is a device used for measuring wind speed, and is a common weather station instrument. The rain gauge is an instrument that is used to measure the quantity of rainfall or precipitation over a particular time period at a specific region. The forms of precipitation may be in the liquid form that is the rainwater or the solid forms that are the sleet, hail, or even snow. In Sri Lanka it is as rainwater. In this work we have developed an automated weather station of three cup anemometer to measure wind speed and tipping bucket rain gauge to measure rainfall rate. The current wind speed and the rainfall of the past 24 hours were displayed in a LCD panel where the user can easily read and record the data. Methodology A fix magnet is attached onto the three cup anemometer. When the wind blows, cups and axel attached to then will spin relative with the wind speed, thus the magnet will trigger the Hall Effect sensor. A pulse will be generated as an output for each revolution. The time difference from each pulse (length of the pulse) is used to calculate the speed of the wind. The output from Hall Effect sensor will be transmitted to microcontroller to be processed and calculated. The calculated measurements are displayed on the LCD. It is displayed the length of the pulse in milliseconds. A prototype of three cup anemometer was made using Iron Shaft, 2 bearings, 3 Light weight metal rods, 3 cups and, piece of wood (Figure 01). A Hall Effect Sensor and a magnet fixed to the iron shaft were used to detect number of rotations. Electric signal produce due to the Hall Effect is fed to the 16F877A pic microcontroller. A prototype of tipping bucket rain gauge was built by using plastic jar, funnel and plastic, light weight bucket. A light weight ice cream cup was used to build the bucket which contains two separate parts inside the bucket to fill the water one after another and the tipping bucket was set to the lid of the plastic jar with two aluminium L shape pieces (Figure 02). Small magnet was placed at upper edge of the triangle in one side of the bucket. To count the toggling of the bucket, a normally opened reed switch was used and it was placed in one bucket side which has fixed the magnet and covers it with plastic cover to protect from water. Toggling of the bucket was counted by the reed switch.
Landmine contaminated area scanning robot
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Senevirathne, M.M.G.T.L.; Ekanayake, T.; Wijesooriya, P.N.
Landmines pose serious threats for post conflict countries like Sri Lanka. There are nearly 120 million landmines all over the world today. Unlike other weapons, landmines are long term killers and function long after a war is over. It kills and maims more than 20,000 civilians per year (World Vision. 2009. About Landmines. United States: World Vision). Clearing the burial mines by human is lethal. Though autonomous mine detecting machines are available, the cost is high and one shortage of the systems is not providing a map of the scanned area. Therefore the percent work aim to design a prototype of an economical autonomous robot which facilitates the mine detecting and map generating of buried places. Methodology The black color marks in a white background were considered as landmines and IR sensors were used as detectors. The complete design is consisting of detectors, carrying vehicle and controlling unit. There are three detectors which are placing in three sides of the robot and each detector consists of five IR sensors. The analog signals of the detector were converted in to digital by using the LM 339 comparator. The separate presets were used to adjust the reference voltage with the comparator. The LED bulbs were placed in front of the sensors to avoid the disturbance of infra-red rays of the sunlight. The detector of the moving side was only activated at a time and other two were deactivated in that time. The robot has to scan the total area and the moving pattern of the robot is the most important part and key feature of the design. It moving on straight lines and moving perpendicular direction without turning. The special wheel was used for this function and the wheels have cylindrical rollers to reduce the friction when it is moving in perpendicular direction. The robot is moving by using the two pairs of wheels. The two pairs wheels arranged in perpendicular direction and driven by gear motors. The L 293 motor drivers were used to control the motors. The 12V 6800mAh li-ion rechargeable battery was used as the power supply of the robot and the power transmission was done by using the L7805 regulators. The powers for the motors were supplied through the two 1000 micro farad capacitors. It avoids the restart of the processor because of the over consumption power of the motors. The regulated power was smooth further and given to the processor. All of the operation was processed by the Arduino Mega at mega 2560 microprocessor. The robot is moving 1m front while scanning the area and doing the serial communication. Then stay 1 second for stable the robot and moving 20cm perpendicular direction and after 1 second delay it is moving back. Then again do the perpendicular movement. The serial communication is occurring while these movements. This process is repeating 5 times again and again. The counter was used to control the repeating times of the cycle. The real time data communication was done by serial communication and data received by a serial terminal. The USB port was functioning as the virtual serial port. The communication port and the baud rate should be same. Baud rate can be set as the requirement. The predefined Matlab application generated the map.
Radio frequency remote controller for domestic AC loads
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Somasiri, K.G.H.A.; Wanniarachchi, W.K.I.L.
In today’s electronic market, there are two primary types of remote control systems available to consumers, they are IR (Infrared) based systems and RF (radio frequency) based systems. The most common type of remote control receiver is the IR based. It works well, but with limitations. With an IR remote control, typically, one must have a very clear line of site from the remote to the device that is trying to control. IR transmitting and receiving systems are inexpensive and are generally reliable. The carrier frequency of such infrared signals is typically in the order of around 38 kHz. In most cases, the IR signals are send only one way, in a low-speed burst for distances of up to 30 feet. Even though IR remotes are the most common due to the low cost and most of the time it used to control a single device, RF remote controls are easier to use because they do not require line of sight and do not have to be aimed at the equipment. The RF remote can also be operated from another room. RF remotes use radio frequencies that travel far and can easily pass through walls and floors and also it can control more than one device with a single remote controller. So it offers a far better range in terms of distance. In this work RF remote controller was developed to control domestic AC appliance like CFL/incandescent bulbs, fans, heaters, single phase motors, pumps, etc…
Security door open system based on password, fingerprint and GSM
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Kanthasamy, G.; Herath, H.M.U.S.K.
Fingerprint verification is one of the most reliable personal identification methods in biometrics. Most doors are controlled by the biometric technique. The idea of this technique is to enable automatic verification of identity of one or more behavioral and/or physiological characteristics of a person. Recently, biometric methods used for personal authentication utilize features as the face, the voice, the hand shape, the finger print, and the iris patterns of an individual. Each method has its own advantages based on their usability and security. This biometric access control system provides authorized individuals for safe and secure access in and out of organizations. This system is mainly focus on the security purpose of organizations. The uses of biometric based systems have seen an exponential growth in recent years. This is because of tremendous progress in this field making it possible to bring down their prices, easiness of use and its diversified use in everyday life. Biometrics is becoming new state of art method of security systems. Biometrics is used to prevent unauthorized access to bank locker, jewelry shop and many other security concerned things. The applications of SMS/GSM Based security systems are quite diverse. There are many real life situations that require control of different devices remotely and to provide security. And also system has to send message through SMS using GSM to other authorized people who away from the restricted areas. This combination of task improves the security of the system. Methodology It mainly consists of four sections. • Password, Fingerprint identification and verification section. • Micro controller section. • Message passing and storing data into database. • Door section. In this proposed work keypad is used to input the password by the user. If the password is valid LCD display the success message and allow giving a finger print reader to the user. If not valid password LCD display the error message. Then finger print module is used to identify the individuals. If the password and finger print match the request message pass to other authorized persons. If not match LCD display the error message. Based on the other authorized person’s reply then door will unlock. If not send the correct message the door will not unlock.
Wireless gesture control vehicle
(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Samarathunga, S.M.B.P.B.; Wanniarachchi, W.K.I.L.
Gesture is a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or head. Gesture has many properties which shows significant different from speech. There for gestures are being used for the creation of expressive forms. Interaction between human and computer is based on human gestures. Gesture is behaved as an input for the computer and it might make computer more accessible for the physical impaired and make interaction like more natural. In this project hand gestures are used to control a vehicle wirelessly. For that there are two modules are involved. One is the band and the other one is the vehicle. Band is consisting with gyro meter that gives the coordination according to the hand motion and RF module transmits the data that given by the gyro to the vehicle. The vehicle comprehends the signal sent by the gyro meter and it starts to move itself with respect to the signals that given by the hand gesture using gear motors.

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