Browsing by Author "Yapa, Y.M.S.S."
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Item Determination of the Adsorption of Solids and Some Selected Elements into Different Types of Clay Minerals for Hospital Wastewater(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019-02) Kattange, K.G.R.D.H.; Amaraweera, T.H.N.G.; Sansfica M. Young; Yapa, Y.M.S.S.The hospital wastewater is a greater concern because of the hazardous and toxic nature and its direct discharge will contaminate water bodies. The main objective of this study was to remove total suspended solids and some selected elements from hospital wastewater since the previous studies show that Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of the hospital wastewater is high and the existing treatment plants are not efficient enough to remove them to meet environmental standards. This study showed that the TSS was 1534 mg l-1 and Total Dissolved Solids was 580 mg l-1. Adsorption series were prepared by adding equal weight of five different clay samples which mainly contain Montmorillonite, Kaolinite and Illite clay compositions to an equal volume (100 ml) of hospital wastewater. The clay samples were then analyzed using X Ray Diffraction pattern and for the filtrate Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was done to determine the absorption after 2, 4, and 6 weeks by filtering out 100 ml of the sample from each clay type. Total Suspended Solids were measured for the untreated sample and for the samples treated with each clay by filtering using a 45µm filter paper and taking the dry weight. Removal percentages for the sample using Illite clay for TSS and Total Dissolved Solids were 96.02% and 43.27% respectively which were reached within two weeks. As for the results the optimum clay to absorb and reduce the TSS and Total Dissolved Solids in hospital wastewater is Illite which was reached within two weeks.Item General Characteristics of Wastewater and Effectiveness of Existing Treatment Methods in Hospitals with Special Reference to Uva Province(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Kumara, A.M.I.U.; Young, S.M.; Amaraweera, T.H.N.G.; Yapa, Y.M.S.S.Hospital wastewater has gained a significant attention due to release of untreated toxic chemicals and pathogens to the environment. Although, there are some treatment facilities in hospitals, most of the wastes are partially or untreated before releasing to the environment. This study thus focuses to asses and gives suggestions to improve an existing treatment plant for better function and performance and investigate a hospital that does not have a treatment plant to give suggestions. Wastewaters from Badulla hospital (n=5) and Bibile hospital (n=4) were collected weekly over a period of three weeks (total n=27) where physical (n=5), chemical (n=12) and biological (n=1) parameters were measured. The water quality after the trickling filter in Badulla hospital shows a clear drop for Five-Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Suspended Solids and pH. The BOD5, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solids and PO43- of the waters ranged between 21-108 mg L-1, 130-290 mg L-1, 290-904 mg L-1 and 11.84-16.39 mg L-1 respectively and are much higher than Central Environmental Authority standards in Sri Lanka. There were no microbes detected after the Ultraviolet (UV) plant and perhaps due to heavy use of Chlorine in spite of the UV treatment. In Bibile hospital, all discharged water outlets are open to the environment. The BOD5, PO43- and NO3- of discharged water varies within 8-98 mg L-1, 3.77-8.16 mg L-1 and 0.8014.60 mg L-1 and are much higher than accepted standards. The treatment plant at Badulla hospital is unsatisfactory to meet the requirements of the accepted standards. Thus, the treatment process of the trickling filter needs improvements in where the rock particles have to be replaced with rock particles in a varying size order. The results indicate that a treatment plant is required for the Bibile hospital with immediate effect.