Browsing by Author "Shanadi, A.T."

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    Effect of Catalytic Carbon on Efficiency of Chloramine Removal
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019) Shanadi, A.T.; Jayakody, S.; Alakolange, A.G.A.W.; Herath, H.M.S.K.
    Chlorine and chloramine are the famous disinfectants that are mostly used in water treatment applications. Due to adverse effects of chlorination, an increasing number of public water suppliers are moving from chlorine to chloramine and therefore, the latter has become an alternative disinfectant. Chloramine level less than 4 ppm is considered safe for drinking water. High concentration affects the quality of the water in terms of taste and smell while leading to health risks. Also, chloramine is a contaminant that is difficult to be removed at the point of use. Activated charcoal can be used as a solution for this issue. Because, the activated catalytic carbons has very high reaction kinetics for the removal of chloramines from drinking water given the high static and dynamic adsorption capacity. The objective of the present study was to find out the most efficient Haycarb catalytic carbon type for removing chloramines from drinking water. For this purpose, six different varieties of Haycarb catalytic carbon (HC/MCA/01, HC/MCA/02, HC/MCA/03, HC/MCA/04, HC/MCA/05 and HC/MCA/06) were tested feeding with 30 ppm chloramine solution under three different laboratory conditions (powder static adsorption test, granular static adsorption test and dynamic adsorption test). Adsorption capacity of the catalytic carbon was also calculated. According to the results, the sample HC/MCA/05 showed significantly (P<0.05) higher chloramine adsorption capacity compared to the other five samples: powder static adsorption capacity: 491 mg g-1, granule static adsorption capacity: 260 mg g-1, dynamic adsorption capacity: 900 mg g-1 at 25 Ml min-1 flow rate with 60s Empty Bed Contact Time. In conclusion, the sample HC/MCA/05, which is a surface modified wood based Haycarb catalytic carbon, is the best variety that can be efficiently used for removing the chloramine in drinking water.
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    Present Situation of Intercropping in Potato Cultivation in Nuwara Eliya and Badulla Areas
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2020) Shanadi, A.T.; Samaraweera, G.C.; Wathugala, D.L.; Indika, W.A.; Madushika, M.K.S.; Piyaratne, M.K.D.K.
    Intercropping is one of the methods of increasing crop productivity. It has proved to achieve many advantages. However, with the increasing demand for local potatoes, intercropping with potato cultivation in Sri Lanka is still an open research challenge which is needed to be addressed. On the other hand, Potato is extensively cultivated in Nuwara Eliya and Badulla districts in Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study examined the present status of intercropping in potato cultivation in Nuwara Eliya and Badulla areas to determine the farmer’s knowledge and awareness on intercropping in potato cultivation. The study was based on primary data gathered through questionnaires from 100 potato farmers selected through the snowball technique. Out of 100 farmers, 48 farmers were selected in Nuwara Eliya district and others were selected in the Badulla district. The results obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results indicated that 58% of farmers were aware of the intercropping. However, among them, due to the lack of knowledge and ignorance of the benefits of intercropping 30% of farmers were not practicing it. The other 28% of farmers did practice intercropping with short term vegetable crops such as beans, radish, and leaks, etc. They gained extra income from intercropping at a low cost of production by proper land use and maximum utilization of natural resources such as water and nutrient. The rest of the farmers (42%) were not aware of intercropping with potato and its benefits. Meanwhile, 54% of farmers claimed that they did not have vital information such as crop choices, cropping patterns, and amount of potential harvest, etc. Therefore, the study has brought out the urgency of the appropriate knowledge delivery method to disseminate the right knowledge on intercropping with potato and to create the awareness to encourage intercropping in potato cultivation which ensures food security, poverty reduction, and sustainable utilization of natural resources. Keywords: Intercropping, Food security, Potato cultivation