Browsing by Author "Senaratne, A."

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    The Evidence of Agricultural Self-Employment Decisions Making in Sri Lanka
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2021) Bogodage, J.N.; Dharmadasa, R.A.P.I.S.; Senaratne, A.; Samaraweera, W.G.R.L.
    Development of self-employment in agriculture sector is one of the critical pathway to achieve sustainable economic growth and alleviate poverty in Sri Lanka. Distinguishing the importance, Sri Lankan government‟s policy framework is designed to supports the domestic agricultural sector especially, agricultural self-employment. However, the employed worker population in non- agriculture sector has surpassed the agriculture sector by absorbing the agriculture workers to both industry and service sectors. In consequence, there is a potential for these policies promoting agricultural self-employment might fail to generate the expected results. Therefore, this study was designed to determine factors influencing choice of occupation in agriculture self-employment. A sample of 9,531 self-employed individuals were isolated from the nationally representative, Household Income Expenditure Survey in 2016. A multinomial logit model was estimated to analyze different occupational choices of agriculture self-employment. Results revealed that males are highly tend to be self-employed in farming and fishery sector while females are in animal husbandry and value-added food processing. Well-educated individuals are less inclined to choose agricultural self- employment with the aim of engage in high paid-employments in both agriculture and non- agriculture sector. In addition, increasing members of household inversely influenced on choice of agricultural self-employment. Married women are more likely to be self-employed in value-added food processing. With the existing higher uncertainty, relative investment of owned tenure on agriculture self-employment is very low. However, except farming sector, land holdings showed strong negative relationship with self-employment in fishery, animal husbandry and value-added food processing. In addition, as household expenditure increases, the probability of choosing agriculture self-employment reduces. Moreover, being in a low financial position & inability to obtain required credit facilities are the main hurdles to be faced in land acquisition for the agriculture self- employment. Therefore, the study suggests that the priority given for the agricultural self- employment when implementing national policies is limited despite the overarching considerations and should consider enhancing access to agricultural lands, rehabilitation of left alone agricultural lands and facilitating credit especially to the new labor market entrants. Keywords: Agricultural self-employment; Choice of occupation; Determinants of agriculture self- employment; Multinomial logit model
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    Identification of Perception and Adaptation to Climatic Change by the Tea (camellia sinensis) Small-holders in Rathnapura District
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Weerasinghe, N. M.; Dharmadasa, A. P. I. S.; Withanage, N. S.; Senaratne, A.
    As all other agricultural crops, tea cultivation also cannot escape from the consequences of climate change. In Sri Lankan context, majority of tea production is by smallholders and thus tea smallholders' perception on climate change and possible adaptations to it are crucial for the future of the tea industry of Sri Lanka. Therefore, this study attempted to identify the major factors influencing the perception and the adaptation to climate change among tea smallholders over 5 tea inspector ranges in Rathnapura District. The simple random sampling technique was used for data collection. The interviews were conducted with 160 smallholders and those were analyzed using Two Step Heckman's probit model. First, whether smallholders perceiving the climate change and then responding to those changes through the adaptation were considered in the two steps of the model. The results revealed that, the majority of smallholders in Rathnapura District have perceived the changes in climate. Farmers' perception on climate change was significantly related to the gender, crop type (mono cropping), and education level, awareness of the weather forecast and frequency of usage of communication channels. These factors were positively affected to the perception and use of print media as communication channel has decreased the perception level of smallholders. According to their responses, factors affecting the level of adaptation to the climate change were yield, land extent, labor use and temperature change. Further, yield and temperature changes have positive impact on use of adaptation measures by smallholders. Also land extent and family labor involvement have negatively affected to adapt the climate change. According to the findings, by strengthening the awareness programs, weather forecast and extension services can uplift the perception of the climate change and the use of adaption measures by tea smallholders.
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    Patterns of Livelihood Diversification in Sri Lanka
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2020) Senevirathne, M.M.S.C.; Dharmadasa, R.A.P.I.S.; Senaratne, A.
    Globally a higher attention is given to the Livelihood diversification as an important strategy by which households may work to achieve sustainable livelihoods through mitigating the income risk. Since there are structural changes with the unique characteristics of the livelihoods in the Sri Lankan context, much attention is needed on analysing the nature of livelihood diversification. The objective of this study is to examine the patterns of livelihood diversification in Sri Lanka. Data were derived from the 2016 Household Income Expenditure Survey and were analysed from descriptive statistics, Probit regression, and OLS Regression. According to the results, only 15% of households from the total population have been diversified their livelihoods. Concerning the livelihood strategy, 53% of households from total households are adopting urbansalaried livelihoods and they have the least tendency towards Livelihood diversification. In terms of employment choice, only 6% of households with government employees have diversified their livelihoods. Households located in the urban sector and estate sector are less likely to being diversified. According to the OLS regression carried out specifically for the agricultural households which are having a high vulnerability to the income, risks implies that the livelihood diversification has a significant and positive impact on enhancing agricultural household welfare in terms of per capita expenditure and aggregate asset index. Probit regression results depict that the major determinants of Livelihood diversification decisions in Sri Lanka are human capital-related factors and regional differences. Programs for removing the regional disparities, promoting human capital development from quality education and skills acquisition, entrepreneurial development, and promoting concepts like “Flexible working hours” should be facilitated to successful livelihood diversification which will ultimately lead to enhancing the household wellbeing. Keywords: Livelihood diversification, Sri Lanka