Browsing by Author "Senaarachchi, W.A.R.K."
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Item Comparative Study on Total Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, Fucoxanthin in Seaweeds Ulva reticulata, Sargassum ilicifolium and Gracilaria multipartita and Colour Enhancing Commercial Ornamental Fish Feeds(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019-02) Samarakoon, S.M.N.U.; De Silva, M.P.K.S.K.; Senaarachchi, W.A.R.K.; Liyanage, N.P.P.Seaweeds are photosynthetic marine macro algae, contain various natural colour pigments. Considering high bioavailability and low cost of processing, this study aimed on evaluating the potential of using seaweeds as a feed additive for colour enhancement of ornamental fish compared to commercial colour enhancing ornamental fish feeds by assessing three types of pigments. Three algae species (green algae-Ulva reticulata, brown algae-Sargassum ilicifolium and red algae-Gracilaria multipartita) were collected from Dickwella area. Pigments were extracted into 10 ml of 99% acetone from sun-dried algae and from 3 types of commercial feeds having green, brown and red colours. Total chlorophyll, carotenoid and fucoxanthin content of seaweeds and commercial feeds were quantified using UV spectrophotometer. Non-normally distributed data were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test in Minitab version 17 at 0.05 significant level. Highest total chlorophyll content was observed in U. reticulata (70.50±0.39 µg g-1) & S. ilicifolium (59.53±4.34 µg g-1) and it was significantly different from their respective colour feeds (green 4.57±1.63 µg g-1 and brown 7.69±5.56 µg g-1). Similarly, U. reticulata and S. ilicifolium had significantly different carotenoid content (1.44±0.16, 2.11±0.07 µg g-1) compared to their respective colour feeds (green 0.22±0.09 µg g-1 & brown 0.21±0.07 µg g-1). Chlorophyll & carotenoid content had no significant difference between G. multipartita and its respective red colour feed. Fucoxanthin content was also higher in seaweeds (U. reticulata 2.12±0.89 µg g-1, S. ilicifolium 4.69±3.05 µg g-1 and G. multipartita 1.52±0.82 µg g-1) than three commercial feeds (green 1.82±1.81 µg g-1, brown 0.53±0.33 µg g-1 & red 0.49±0.06 µg g-1) with no significant difference. Results indicate that sun-dried seaweeds contained comparatively high level of pigments studied; the selected sea weeds may be taken as an effective feed additive for the colour enhancement of ornamental fish.Item Effect of Diets Incorporated with Dried and Autolyzed Shrimp Waste on Growth Performance of Goldfish (Carassius auratus)(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2016) Rathnayake, R.M.C.P.; Liyanage, N.P.P.; Athula, J.A.; Guruge, K.P.G.K.P.; Senaarachchi, W.A.R.K.The shrimp processing industry turns out tons of head, tail and shell waste every year and this is a rich source of protein that could be used to prepare aquaculture feeds. The efficiency of different methods for extracting protein from shrimp waste were observed. This study has been designed to assess the possibility of partial replacement of fish meal with shrimp waste in diets formulated for goldfish. Known amount of shrimp waste samples were subjected to autolysis and subsequently subjected to oven drying and make fine powder. Crude protein, crude lipid, ash and moisture were estimated for both autolysed and powdered dried shrimp waste (purchased from Agri-Star Compost private limited). Two different diets were prepared by incorporating autolysed shrimp waste powder and dried shrimp waste powder as supplementary source of protein. Commercial feed that contains 42% protein was used as the control diet. Uniform sized glass tanks were stocked with twenty individuals with an initial mean weight of 0.13 f 0.00 g per tank. Fishes were hand-fed daily three times per day for 30 days with three diets. Wet weight of the fish were measured weekly. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Condition Factor (K) were calculated for each diet. The highest protein level (65.55%± 0.60) and lowest ash level was observed (11.35% ± 0.03) in autolysed shrimp waste. Significantly higher SGR, PER and survival rate (91.25% + 3.15) were observed in individuals fed with diet incorporated with autolysed shrimp waste while significantly low FCR was observed in the same (P<0.05). Condition Factor was not significantly changed among the test diets (P>0.05). The findings of this study indicate that autolysis is the best method to extract protein form shrimp waste. During the process of autolysing meat part was detached from the shell and extracted to the aqueous medium. This process will facilitate to collect comparatively pure source of protein with compared to the dried shrimp meal. Therefore, autolyzed shrimp waste powder that contains significantly higher protein percentage can effectively enhance the growth parameters while use as protein supplement in the diet of goldfish. Keywords: FCR, SGR, Fish feed, Fish nutrition, Ornamental fish.Item Suitability of Plant Based Ingredients: Rice Bran, Coconut Poonac and Maize as Binders for Quality Improvement of Fish Feed Additive Made from Autolyzed Shrimp Waste(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019-02) Jayasundara, J.M.S.K.; De Silva, M.P.K.S.K.; Senaarachchi, W.A.R.K.; Liyanage, N.P.P.Discarded shrimp shells, a good source of natural astaxanthin, proteins and lipids can be used as a feed additive to enhance colouration and growth of ornamental fish. Temperature-induced autolysis of shrimp waste breaks the chitin-protein bonds and releases these nutrients. Hydrolysate extracted by autolysis is sticky and perishable at room temperature (30 °C). The main Objective of this study was to improve quality and shelf life of shellfish waste extract using plant-based ingredients as binders. Shellfish waste (100 g) was subjected to thermal autolysis at 55 0C for 15 minutes with continuous stirring. Resultant Hydrolysate was mixed with powdered rice bran, coconut poonac and maize separately in different ratios of hydrolysate: plant ingredient (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) each in triplicates. Protein and moisture content were determined in oven-dried samples. Samples at room temperature were checked for changes in physical properties (colour, stickiness, odour) and fungal formation (clotting) once a week for one-month period. Highest crude protein percentage was observed in samples of 1:1 hydrolysate: plant ingredient ratio (rice bran: 38.13±8.20%, coconut poonac: 47.83±3.75% and maize: 36.76±5.74%) with significant differences (P=0.002) of treatments among three binders. Protein content and stickiness reduced with increasing binder content. Rancid odour, colour change and clotting were minimal during this time period with highest binder content (1:3). Moisture percentage was significantly different (P<0.05) among samples of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 ratios and lowest (9.54±1.79) in samples with 1:2 ratio prepared using coconut poonac. Coconut poonac with highest protein and lowest moisture content is advantageous than other two binders. As there is no difference observed in physical properties in three ingredients, maize and rice bran are also suitable as binders. Selection of plant ingredient and suitable ratio depend on protein level and storing period of additive as required by farmer.