Browsing by Author "Rodrigo, M.J.M."

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    Effect of Calcium Hydroxide and Poly Aluminium Ferric Chloride Concentration on Water Quality Parameters of Meat Processing Plant Effluent
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Rodrigo, M.J.M.
    This study was conducted to assess the effect of Calcium Hydroxide and Poly Aluminium Ferric Chloride concentration on water quality parameters of meat processing plant effluent. Effluent treatment plant of Gills Food Products Private Limited, Wattala was selected as the study site for the investigation. The current study was carried out at effluent treatment plant (ETP) of the Gills Food Products Private Limited at Wattala. Laboratory analysis was completed at Chemistry laboratory of Uva Wellassa University. Ca(OH)2 (Ca = 54.092 % (w/w)) and PAFC (Al203 = 29 % (w/w), Fe = 4.5 % (w/w)) were added to the first retention tank and clarifier of the ETP for determining the best chemical concentration combination to achieve Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) level standard effluent. Their weight combinations were changed once a week and it was continued during six weeks. Laboratory scale preliminary trials were used for selecting effective weight ranges of two chemicals. The selected weights of Ca(OH)2 were 5 kg (25 %) and 7 kg (35 %). The selected weights of PAFC were 1 kg (5 %), 3 kg (15 %) and 4 kg (20 %). Existing weight combination of ETP was used as the control. It was 4 kg (20 %) of Ca(OH)2 and 2 kg (10 %) of PAFC. There were six treatments. Ca(OH)2 and PAFC solutions were prepared and it was stored at ambient temperature. Ca(OH)2 and PAFC solutions were added respectively to the first retention tank and clarifier at 1st day of the week. The rate of adding chemicals was 150 mL per hour. Water samples were collected at 4 locations of the ETP. Those are respectively discharge point from the factory, first collection tank, clarifier and final discharge point. Collected water samples were used to analysis COD, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level, TSS, TDS, Turbidity, EC, pH, temperature and color absorbance for determining the effluent condition for each treatment. Second treatment had given the best results than other treatments with respect to every water quality parameters that were measured. Second treatment was consisted with 25 % Ca(OH)2 and 5 % PAFC. Also it was cost effective than previous treatment that the company was used.
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    Effect of Calcium Hydroxide and Poly Aluminum Ferric Chloride Concentration on Water Quality Parameters of Meat Processing Plant Effluent
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Rodrigo, M.J.M.; Abesinghe, A.M.N.L.; Tharangani, R.M.H.; Liyanaarachchi, B.
    As long as the world population continues to grow and demand for food products increase, there are number of environmental and health issues arising. Treatment of both solid wastes and waste water from the meat processing industry has been one of the greatest concerns of the worldwide agro industrial sector, mainly due to the restrictions that international trade agreements have imposed regarding their use and their environmental issues. Many types of substances, when discharged into a receiving body of water, degrade the water quality to such an extent that beneficial uses of the stream are no longer attainable. Normally meat processing plant discharges waste water with high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), fat and grease content, turbidity and electrical conductivity (EC). Therefore, waste water should be properly treated before discharging in to the natural water body. Sedimentation and flocculation is one of the waste treatment methods which can be used to maintain water quality parameters within acceptable limits. Poly Aluminum Ferric Chloride (PAFC) is an efficient and cheap flocculent used to treat industrial effluents. However, the efficiency of PAFC is affected by the pH of waste water. Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is one of the alkaline commonly used to maintain pH of waste water (Hammer, 2009). Hence, this research was carried out to determine the appropriate dose of Ca(OH)2 and PAFC for the effluent treatment plant of a meat processing factory. Methodology The current study was carried out at the effluent treatment plant (ETP) of the Gills Food Products Private Limited, Wattala. Laboratory analysis was completed at the chemistry laboratory of Uva Wellassa University. First, ETP was studied well to decide the parameters that need to be changed in order to meet water quality parameters of treated effluent with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. Selected parameters (dose of Ca(OH) 2 and PAFC) were changed in two separate stages of ETP. Amount of Ca(OH)2 (Ca = 54.092 % (w/w)) was changed at first retention tank and amount of PAFC (Al2O3 = 29 % (w/w), Fe = 4.5 % (w/w)) was changed at the clarifier of the ETP. Laboratory scale preliminary trials were conducted (jar test) to select the effective range of chemicals. Laboratory scale preliminary trials were used for selecting effective weight ranges of two chemicals. The amount of Ca(OH)2 were changed as; 5 kg and 7 kg. The selected amounts of PAFC were 1 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg. Accordingly, there were six treatments as; 5 kg of Ca(OH) 2 and 1 kg of PAFC (T1), 5 kg of Ca(OH)2 and 3 kg of PAFC (T2), 5 kg of Ca(OH)2 and 4 kg of PAFC (T3), 7 kg of Ca(OH)2 and 1 kg of PAFC (T4), 7 kg of Ca(OH)2 and 3 kg of PAFC (T5) and 7 kg of Ca(OH)2 and 4 kg of PAFC (T6). Existing amounts of chemicals were used as the control (4 kg of Ca(OH)2 and 2 kg of PAFC). These combinations were changed once a week. Selected weight of Ca(OH)2 and PAFC were measured using an analytical balance (IND 221, china) and it was dissolved in 20 L of distilled water at ambient temperature. Ca(OH) 2 and PAFC solutions day of the week. The rate of adding chemicals was 150 mL per hour. Water samples were collected at 4 locations of the ETP. Those are discharge point from the factory, first collection tank, clarifier and final discharge point. Collected water samples were used to analyze COD, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level, TSS, TDS, Turbidity, EC, pH, temperature and color absorbance for determining the effluent quality for each treatment. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used for the experiment. Analysis of variance was followed by a mean separation procedure using Duncan’s Multiple Range test. Analyses were performed using SAS (SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The data obtained were analyzed at 0.05 level of significance.