Browsing by Author "Rathnayaka, R. M. S. D."

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    Analysis of factors affecting for Tea buyers’ level of trust on Tea brokers
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Rathnayaka, L. P.; Rathnayaka, R. M. S. D.; Wedande, D.
    The tea industry in Sri Lanka has paramount importance to country’s economy. In Sri Lanka, out of total quantity of bulk packaged tea, more than 95% is sold through public auction annually. The main participants of auction system are buyers and brokers. The most important concept, to carry out the business relationship between buyers and brokers is TRUST. All the transactions between buyers and brokers will confirm with the trust before complete the transaction by using monetary terms. In economic terms, trust can be defined as "the belief or perception by one party (e.g. a principal) that the other party (e.g. an agent) to a particular transaction will not cheat" (Paul J. Zak and Knack, 2001). In the case of buyer-broker relationship in the tea industry (relevant to buyers), trust can be defined as a belief of the buyer that the broker will efficiently provide good quality teas without any deceptions, while maintaining the goodwill. Therefore this research was carried out to identify major factors affecting for tea buyers’ trust on tea brokers. Methodology The selected population for the study was all the tea buyers who are weekly buying tea at the Colombo Tea Auction. The data were collected from a sample of 70 tea buyers selected using Simple Random Sampling technique and ranked according to their export quantity (Sri Lanka Custom Data, 2012). Data were collected through a questionnaire by individually giving it to the selected sample. The trust was measured by using ten point likertscales. Data were analyzed using Descriptive Statisticsmanner andbased on Ordinal Logistic Regression analysis techniques.Ordinal Logistic Regression is used to independent variables(ChristensenR.H.B.,2011). The SPSS statistical software, Minitab 16 software and Microsoft Excel were used for both descriptive and ordinal logistic regression analysis.
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    Impact of good agricultural practices on technical efficiency of Tea small holders
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) De Silva, T. B. Y. A.; Rathnayaka, R. M. S. D.
    Tea is pre-eminent among Sri Lanka’s plantation crops and it is one of the most important industries in the country in terms of employment and foreign exchange earnings. Sri Lanka’s tea small holders, who account for 76% of the national tea output, are the mainstay of Sri Lanka’s tea industry, are facing some serious problems like increasing cost of production and reducing marginal profits that will directly contribute towards reducing the national tea output in the future. However, given the high cost of production, there is a belief that it is very difficult to increase profitability without increasing costly inputs (Basnayake et al., 2002). Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) addresses environmental, social and economical sustainability and often in combination with effective input use, is one of the best ways to increase smallholder productivity without costly inputs (Poisot et al., 2004). Having identifying the importance of GAPs in tea industry, this study was conducted to find out the impact of GAP adoption on technical efficiency of tea small holders in Sri Lanka Methodology 84 tea small holders were selected as the sample, among tea small holders in Kuruvita DS Division using multistage sampling. Four TI ranges (Wewalwaththa, Erathna, Eheliyagoda and Kiriella) in Kuruvita were selected and 21 tea small holders were selected from each TI range. Data collection was carried out by using structured questionnaire. The questionnaire includes two basic parts, part one is consisted basic inputs to measure technical efficiency and other part is used to collect data to find about the adoption level of tea small holders to Good Agricultural Practices on tea cultivation. To measure GAP adoption level questions were prepared under 14 GAP principles specifically to tea cultivation as recommended by Tea Research Institute (Zoysa, 2008). Stochastic Frontier Production model was used to measure the technical efficiency. STATA statistical package, Minitab software and Microsoft Excel were used to data analysis.
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    Technical efficiency of Mirahawatte organic tea smallholders: a stochastic frontier approach
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Chathurangi, K. R. S.; Rathnayaka, R. M. S. D.
    Organic agriculture is now becoming very famous among Sri Lankan farmers as it is able to catch more foreign exchange to the country. World public is more concerning on sustainable agro-product consumption to secure the economic, environmental and social benefits. Tea is one of the most prominent organic export crops in Sri Lanka. The relevant actions need to take to develop the organic tea production in the country. Before moving to that, most effective solution to upgrade the production is increasing the technical efficiency; ability to produce maximum output using existence inputs and technology. Measuring the technical efficiency will prove the actual sustainability of tea industry in economics terms. Sri Lanka tea industry consists with estate sector and tea smallholdings. Contribution from the tea smallholders to the national tea production was 72% in 2013 (Ministry of Plantation Industries, 2013).As tea smallholders play a major role in Sri Lankan economy, analyzing technical efficiency is imperative. Main objectives targeted to measure the value of technical efficiency of tea smallholders in Mirahawatte and to find out the determinants of technical efficiency of organic tea smallholders in Mirahawatte. Methodology Technical efficiency of Mirahawatte organic tea smallholders were measuredin this study with 71 organic tea small holders registered under Marginalized Organic Producer’s Association. Stochastic frontier model was used to estimate the technical efficiency. Primary and secondary panel data were collected during the period of 2011/2012 to 2013/2014. Technical efficiency was estimated by a stochastic frontier function using a Cobb-Douglas model, incorporating technical inefficiency effect model. In Cobb-Douglas model effect of eight inputs against output was measured. In technical inefficiency function, sixteen variables were identified as efficiency components oftechnical inefficiency. Data ware analyzed using STATA version 11 and frontier 4.1c computer programme.