Browsing by Author "Premarathne, E.P.N."

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    Fabrication & Characterization of a Novel Soap Material Based on the selected Value- Added Sri Lankan Clay Minerals with Extracted Saponin from Dry Fruit of Sapindus emerginata
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2021) Delpechithra, N.T.; Premarathne, E.P.N.; Pitawala, H.M.J.C.
    Soap referred to as stain removal material as a result of a saponification reaction between lye solution and fat/oil. In some soap industries clay minerals are used as a filler material which facilitate the structure and riser attribute of soap. Instead of that these clay minerals have the ability to remove stain and exfoliate the dead skin and act as a moisturizer. There are many clay types that can be found locally which are related to kaolin. However, those clay types do not showcase some qualities such as anti-bacterial effect, anti-fungal effect, moisturizing effect, foaming effect related to skin care. Therefore, those natural clay types have not been used previously for cosmetic purposes. Under this investigation, a non-ionic natural bio surfactant called saponin which was extracted from the dry fruit of Sapindus emerginata (soapnut) was used to improve above mentioned lacking qualities. Saponin makes skin soft and acts as moisturizing agent, gentle foaming agent, natural exfoliant, and very good anti- fungal and anti-bacterial agent. Four clays were used for this investigation. Except montmorillonite clay, other three were obtained from different areas of Sri Lanka i.e; kaolin clay from Meetiyagoda, kirimati from Kandy, Makulu clay from Wadduwa. From each clay type, three samples were prepared by varying the clay amount as 2g (6.7 wt%), 4g (13.3 wt%) and 6g (20 wt%) by maintaining the temperature of the solution as 30 °C in order to find out the best clay species for soap production. Each of the sample were tested for the TFM value, total alkalinity content, moisture content, foam height and pH value. These values were compared with the international standards of soaps. Almost all the parameters of prepared soap samples were within the standard ranges. As per the results, Meetiyagoda clay and Makulu clay were the best clays for soap production and the best composition is 20 wt% which contain 6g of clay. Keywords: Kaolin; Sapindus emerginata; saponin, montmorillonite; Saponification
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    Intercalation of Acarbose into Sodium Montmorillonite for Sustained Release Formulation
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2020) Mihiravi, H.K.S.P.; Lochana, E.A.L.; Rathnayake, S.I.; Alakolanga, A.G.A.W.; Senarathna, K.G.C.; Premarathne, E.P.N.; Wijesekara, K.B.
    Among the numerous antidiabetic drugs, acarbose is the most extensively used digestive enzyme inhibitor for the treatment of Type-II diabetes. A simple and rapid UV-Vis spectroscopy method reported in the literature was modified and successfully implemented for the determination of acarbose in aqueous media. The method is based on the formation of a green-colored complex of acarbose with alkaline potassium permanganate. Concentration (in the range of 10-50 ppm) is proportional to the visible light absorbance at 426 nm wavelength, therefore, the above parameters were selected for the quantitative determination of acarbose in aqueous solution. The Beer–Lambert law is obeyed in the above-mentioned range with a coefficient of determination (r2 ) value of 0.9826. The acarbose concentration in commercial tablets was determined using this method and the recovery was 99.65 % for 40 ppm solution. Short biological half-life and more side effects of acarbose have been recurring problems, owing to its low bioavailability and low patient tolerance, respectively. The controlled release of a therapeutic agent to patients is gaining prodigious importance during the recent time and clay minerals play a major role in modulating drug delivery. The present work is focused on the intercalation of acarbose into montmorillonite (MMT) as a controlled release drug carrier. MMT is an aluminosilicate clay composed of tetrahedral layers of silica stacked between octahedral layers of alumina with negatively charged surfaces. Due to its high cation exchange capacity and large specific surface area, MMT is extensively used in the formulation of various pharmaceutical products. In this study, acarbose was successfully incorporated into MMT by stirring MMT in a 100 ppm acarbose solution and showed 22.4% intercalation at pH 6. Acarbose intercalated MMT was characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformed infrared and the presence of N-H stretching peak at 1632 cm-1 and increase of d-spacing confirmed the successful intercalation of acarbose into the interlayers of MMT. The releasing properties of the synthesized acarbose-MMT composite would be investigated in the future. .Keywords: Acarbose, Montmorillonite, Intercalation, Drug delivery, Characterization
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    A Study on Sustained Drug Releasing Properties of Acarbose Intercalated Na- montmorillonite for Potential Pharmaceutical Applications
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2021) Kawmudhi, P.A.S.; Lochana, E.A.L.; Premarathne, E.P.N.; Alakolanga, A.G.A.W.; Rathnayake, S.I.
    Acarbose is a well-known synthetic drug, which commonly treats type II diabetes. For diabetic patients, acarbose must be administered multiple doses a day to keep a stable glucose level in the body due to short biological half-life. Therefore, drug formulations with sustained releasing properties are developed using stable carriers like, Montmorillonite (MMT) due to its unique structure and properties. In this study, acarbose intercalated clay formulations were synthesized and their sustained releasing properties tested. Acarbose solution (100 ppm) was stirred with MMT (1 g) for 24 h at 4–8 pH. The highest intercalation of acarbose was observed at acidic pH due to electrostatic interactions between negatively charges clay layers and protonated acarbose molecules. The concentration of acarbose in aqueous solution was determined using the UV-Vis spectroscopy method. The calibration curve (2–40 ppm) of standard acarbose (r2 =0.9826) at 426 nm, was used for calculating the acarbose intercalation percentages. 2.18 mg g-1 (43.77%) and 5.1 mg g-1 (52.27%) of acarbose intercalated into MMT at pH 6 and the interlayer space of unmodified montmorillonite has been increased from 1.185 to 1.310 nm and 1.403 nm upon acarbose intercalation at 50 ppm and 100 ppm initial acarbose concentrations, respectively. This concludes that acarbose has been successfully intercalated into the interlayers of montmorillonite and the intercalated amount increased with increasing the initial acarbose concentration. Increased intensity and broadening of the peak corresponding to vibrations of OH groups (3687–3125 cm-1) was observed in FTIR spectra of acarbose intercalated montmorillonite, which may due to the presence of acarbose on or between the layers of montmorillonite. The in-vitro drug releasing properties of acarbose from acarbose intercalated montmorillonite was tested in artificial intestinal condition (pH 7.4 PBS solution) using dialysis tube method. Acarbose releasing from the montmorillonite matrix was gradually increased in the first 8 h and slow release was observed after that. Pseudo-second order kinetics model showed a good fit (r2= 0.9767) for the acarbose releasing data suggesting the release of acarbose from MMT matrix involves chemical desorption. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential applications of montmorillonite as matrix material for sustained release drug formulations for future pharmaceutical studies. Keywords: Acarbose; Montmorillonite; Sustained drug releasing; XRD; FTIR