Browsing by Author "Kumara, B.W.V.P.S."

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    Preliminary Study of Salinity Change on Vibrio Count and Gut – Muscle Ratio of Penaeus monodon Post Larvae
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Kumara, B.W.V.P.S.; Thushari, G.G.N.; Jayamanne, S.C.; Pradeeban, S.
    Marine shrimp farming is one of the most important aquaculture practices in the world. It showed a booming expansion since start and soon became a multimillion dollar industry (Islam et.al., 2004). However, there are many issues and challenges of the sector especially related to the culture techniques, environmental quality, biodiversity and natural brood-stocks. Natural brood stock is not enough to fulfill requirements of shrimp seed for culture practices. As a solution, farmers and other relevant stakeholders have established hatcheries which can provide shrimp seeds for stocking of shrimp farms throughout the year. Gut – Muscle Ratio (GMR) is a standard main parameter that can be used as an index to measure the quality of the post larvae in shrimp industry. GMR is defined as the microscopic examination of the relative thickness of abdominal segment of the tail of post larvae stages (Madhukiran et al., 2009). Microbiological count (availability of Vibrio bacteria) is a critical factor affecting growth and survival rate of shrimp post larvae from hatching to grow- out stage. As chemical water quality parameter, salinity has a potential on changing microbial count and Gut - Muscle Ratio. Therefore, present study was conducted to find out the effect of salinity on those two factors for the quality of selected post larval stages of the Peneaus monodon. Methodology Study was carried out in King Aqua Hatchery (Pvt) Ltd, Udappuwa, Chilaw. Nine hundred and sixty post larvae (PL) were selected for the study. Four hundred and eighty post larvae were used as experimental sample and remaining 480 PL were maintained as replacement stock. PL was obtained from same brood stock. Bulk stored tank was monitored from hatching stage to the nursery stage with same condition. Randomly selected PL were transferred into 06 glass tanks (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6) from nursery tank representing 20 PL in each treatment . Four replicates were used for each treatment. Temperature (30 ˚C), pH (8.2) and Dissolved Oxygen (7 mg/l) were maintained at constant levels. Salinity levels were changed in each glass tank by adding fresh water and concentrated brine solution based on final salinity level (S1 – 27 ppt, S2 – 28 ppt, S3 – 29 ppt, S4 – 30 ppt, S5 – 31 ppt, S6 – 32 ppt). S3 (29 ppt) was used as control. Gut-Muscle Ratio of the post larvae was determined under microscope (x10). Ten post larvae ventral muscle was recorded. Water samples were collected twice per day (8.00 a.m. and 8.00 p.m.) for bacterial detection. Water samples were diluted with sterilized distilled water up to 10x1 and cultured using TCBS agar medium. After 24 hours of incubation, plates were observed by using colony counter. Recorded data was analyzed by using MINITAB 15 statistical software (Two-Way ANOVA, α – 0.05). Results and Discussion Results of mean Gut-Muscle Ratio and Vibrio count with salinity are given in Table 1. At the salinity level of 27 ppt, mean Gut Muscle Ratio shows the minimum value for all stages, while highest GMR for PL 9 and PL 10 was recorded at 30 ppt (Table 01). With increasing salinity, mean Gut Muscle Ratio for PL9 and PL 10 stages are gradually increasing up to a specific salinity level (30 ppt). At highest level of salinities (>30 ppt) there was a slight decline of Gut Muscle Ratio for these stages, but it is closer to the maximum mean value of GMR recorded for 30 ppt level of salinity. GMR for PL 11, PL 12 and PL 13 stages had not changed at grea ter level of salinities (30, 31 and 32 ppt). Commonly highest mean value of GMR was recorded at 30 ppt. There was no significant difference for Gut Muscle ratio and PL11, PL12 and PL13 stages of Peneaus monodon post larvae with salinity levels of 30, 31 and 32 ppt (p > 0.05). Muscle gut ratio is one of the major criteria for selecting the good post larvae (Bauman et al., 1990). Usually high muscle to gut ratios is preferable (FAO, 2013). According to manual of Asean Good Shrimp Farm Management Practice (n.d.), Muscle Gut Ratio of 4:1 (or >4:1) is recommended as accepted ratio for high quality PL stages. However, in practice, it was found that this measurement can always be difficult due to the unacceptable management practices. Therefore, salinity level that always records gut muscle ratio closer to recommend value (4:1) is concerned as the best salinity for shrimp hatchery practices.
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    Preliminary Study of Salinity Change on Vibrio Count and Gut-Muscle Ratio of Penaeus Monodon Post Laevae (PL09 to PL 13)
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Kumara, B.W.V.P.S.
    Globally, shrimp farming has been a significant agro-based economic activity since the early 1970s. Shrimp faiming showed a booming expansion and soon became a multimillion dollar industry (Islam et.al. 2004). But there were many risks and challenges, especially in the culture techniques and the degradation of environmental quality, biodiversity, and natural brood-stocks. In the wake of this development, the sector also generated a large demand for shrimp post larvae (PL). There are several methods which used to measure the quality of the post larvae in shrimp industry. Gut — Muscle Ratio is such a main parameter which comes under microscopic observation of post larvae. Management, Physical & biological characteristics lead to alter the GMR of shrimp post larvae. Under water quality parameters salinity of water is critical from hatching to grow-out stage. Availability of Vibrio bacteria also plays an important role with the health of early stages. Therefore this preliminary study was conducted to find out the effect of those two factors for the quality of post larval stages of the Peneaus monodon. One thousand one hundred twenty post larvae were selected for the study. Five hundred sixty post larvae were used as experimental sample and remain 560 PL were maintained for replacement stock. PL was obtained from same brood stock. Bulk stored tank was monitored from hatching stage to the nursery stage (PL6). Post larvae were selected at the PL stage 6. This selection was done randomly from nursery tank and transferred into glass tanks. Glass tank was partitioned into four quarters. 10 PL were introduced into one quarter. Glass tanks were placed inside the laboratory premises for regulatory mechanism of the temperature at 30°C. pH and Dissolved Oxygen were maintained at constant levels. Gut-Muscle Ratio of the post larvae was determined under microscopic conditions (x10). Twenty post larvae were observed from every tank at 9.00 a.m. from PL 9 to PL 13. Water samples were collected twice per day (8.00 a.m. and 8.00 p.m.) for bacterial detection. Water samples were diluted with sterilized distilled water up to 10x1 and cultured using TCBS agar medium. After 24 hours of incubation, plates were observed by using colony counter. Recorded data was analyzed by using Minitab 15 statistical software (Two-Way, ANOVA, a — 0.05). There is an effect of salinity and the Vibrio count to the Gut Muscle Ratio of Peneaus monodon post larvae. To obtain good quality post larvae the salinity should be 30ppt. At the salinity level of 3 1ppt, Vibrio spp bacteria multiplication was declined. Based on that, to obtain good quality larval production, Salinity of the sea water is ideal between 30ppt and 3 1ppt. Vibrio count must maintain at minimum levels for obtain quality post larvae.