Browsing by Author "Ganegoda, G.A.P."
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Item Observations on Environmental factors and Live Perfomances of Broilers in Environment Controlled Broiler Houses during Hot Weather(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Amarasekara, A.M.R.S.; Nambapana, N.M.N.; Jayasena, D.K.D.D.; Ganegoda, G.A.P.Heat stress is a major concern of the broiler industry as it causes decrease in growth, reduced feed intake and increased FCR ratio and mortality. Heat exposed bird's decrease feed intake in order to reduce metabolic heat production and resulting in slower growth. Maintaining proper temperature to promote efficient growth is a key to profitable broiler production. This study focused on analyzing the main environmental factors that affect the behavior of broilers in hot weather. In this study broilers were kept in three broiler houses which had the same environmental conditions. The temperature and relative humidity of broiler house, mortality, and water intake of birds were measured during a period of three months. According to the results water intake and relative humidity are the factors that significantly affect (P<0.05) the weight gain of broilers. In addition to heat-stress mortality, economic losses associated with broiler heat stress also occur as a result of lowered growth rate and decreased feed consumption efficiency. Any management technique which promotes feed consumption or increased activity during the peak hot periods may be counter-productive in a broiler house. The extra feed consumed will increase the bird's heat load and probably result in additional mortality. The study indicates that controlling heat inside broiler units during hot weather is important to increase the broiler productivity Key words: Broiler, Hot weather, Relative humidity, Live performancesItem Study on Effect of Curry Leaves Supplementation with Broiler Feed on Growth Performance, Feed Intake and Feed Conversion Ratio of Broiler chicken(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Sampath, W.W.H.A.; Nambapana, N.M.N.; Ganegoda, G.A.P.Note: See the PDF Version The broiler industry has developed all over the world during past few decades. When considering the production of 79.9 million broiler chicks in Sri Lanka in 2007, there is an increase in 2008, 2009 and 2010 years (Department of Animal Production and Health, 2010). The production of poultry meat and other poultry products have been drastically increased in Sri Lanka within last few years. The world broiler meat production in 2010 was 73 million metric tons (USDA-FAS, 2010). China, Brazil, European Union, Mexico are the main Broiler producers in the world (USDA-FAS, 2007). Poultry meat and other poultry products such as eggs, have a higher demand in Sri Lanka. When considering the consumption pattern of the meat in Sri Lanka, chicken meat (broiler meat) has the highest demand and broiler meat has been included in the gazette as an essential food item in Sri Lanka since 2007. The requirement of nutrients for broilers is higher than the other livestock animals. Proper nutrition and the better intensive management practices are essentials in poultry industry. Hence feed cost is major cost component in poultry industry and it is accounted up to 60%-70% of the total cost of production. The production of feed in 2009 for poultry in Sri Lanka was 454,000 Mt. However the feed price has increased after 2008 and the profit margin of the industry has gone down (Department of Animal Product and Health, 2009). To overcome this limitation in the industry, feed supplementation is done by the farmers/producers. The supplementation is done using low cost, available feed stuffs and without affecting the performance of birds and the quality of the meat. Performance of the animal can be increased by increasing the feed conversion by improving the internal environment modification. This can be achieved by inclusion of antibiotics into feed. Antibiotics are the chemicals those which antagonistic towards or destructive of life (The penguin encyclopedia of nutrition, 1985). Some of other feed ingredients are used to restrict or avoid the usage of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Some of those are probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotic, enzymes, acidifiers, antioxidants, phytogenic additives and herbal extracts (Pauline, 2009). The usage of natural plant based materials improves the feed intake, feed digestibility, feed conversion efficiency, the quality of the meat and reduce mortality (Hathurusinghe, 2008). Natural herbal materials increase colour lipid oxidation and reduce gut microbial content (Cross et al., 2007). Essential oils, organic acids and phytogenic compounds enhance production of gastric secretions, stimulate blood circulation and reduce level of pathogenic bacteria (Buchaan et al., 2008) Proceedings of the Research Symposium of Uva Wellassa University. December 15-16, 2011 This study was done to investigate the effect of curry leaves incorporated broiler feed on growth performance and feed conversion ratio of broiler chicken under field condition in Sri Lanka. For the study, the dried, blended curry leaves supplementation was used. The study hypothesized that dietary supplementation of curry leaves has anability to improve the health, performance and reduce the cost of production of broilers.Item Study on Effect of Ginger Incorporated Broiler Feed on Body Weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio and Feed Intake of Broiler Chicken(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Rathnayake, R.M.D.S.; Ganegoda, G.A.P.; Nambapana, N.M.N.Modern intensive poultry production has achieved phenomenal gains in the efficient and economical production of high quality and safe chicken meat, eggs and poultry bio-products (George, 1996). At the same time as making gains in production and efficiency, the industry had to maximize the health and well-being of the birds and minimize the impact of the industry on the environment. The use of feed additives has been an important part of achieving this success. Many additives have been a normal part of diets for animals and humans. It is only recently that we have come to recognize and understand their importance in achieving high production and efficiency, maintaining health and wellbeing, improving product quality.(Windisch et al., 2008) However, the feed additives have negative impacts on the consumers due to their residues which mostly remain in the broiler products. Thus, it is important to explore the potential of natural feed additives to replace the chemical ones.(Scott,2004) Probiotic and medicinal plants as natural feed additives are recently used in poultry diet to enhance the performance and the immune response of birds. One of the natural feed additives is ginger. Ginger contains bioactive substance such as oleoresin and ginger which give effect to optimize the body organ. Ginger also contains vitamins and minerals as the peculiar plant. Ginger extracts function as the anti inflammation and anti bacterial. Ginger is one of natural plants which can be used as phytobiotic to improve broiler's performance. The major component of ginger is Zingiberen and Zingerol that can stimulate the digestive systems by controlling the digestive pH and the activity of digestive enzyme and the microbial activity. Ginger extracts could immune the gastric and improve poultry appetite. (Achyad et al., 2000) Studies show that the ginger spice has two types of digestive enzymes; one is protease enzyme that is used to break apart the protein and lipase enzyme that is used to break apart the fat. Both enzymes improve nutrients digestion and absorption by animals. Ginger is also as bacteria static that reduce pathogenic microorganisms in the digestive tracts. The gingerol also protect the liver on it activity, especially on hold the toxic of carbon tetrachloride. The ginger works as vaccination by stimulate an organ of bursafebrisius to make an antibody of viral attack such as ND. Ginger as a natural material is good as additive because it has no residual that threat the body organ and safe for the consumer's health. (Peter et al., 1999)Item Waste Minimization of Poultry Feed Processing through Cleaner Production(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Wijesekara, W.L.U.; Abeyrathne, E.D.N.S.; Ganegoda, G.A.P.; Samarasinghe, K.Cleaner Production (CP) need for a company to succeed in reducing cost, increase productivity, and minimize pollution and production waste. Cost of production can reduce through minimizing of waste in terms of material and energy. In the source of identification, waste and emission sources within the premises were identified. Employees involved in different sections were interviewed and waste process steps were identified. Process flow diagram was constructed as perquisite for source inventory. Each of the operation unit was studied carefully for identification of waste generation. Finally CP options were suggested to improve work practices and proper maintenance. CP options optimize existing processes.. High moisture losses recorded in rice polish (new crop) during storage (1.30 %) in ware souse storage. Due to different types of packing material approximately 11500 kg of waste were recorded. In the machinery operation trace line waste was high (16374.99 kg, 46.54 %). Losses were occurred even though product filling is automated. Filling of Broiler starter of 50 kg bags shows 0.04 % variance and filling of acco layer grower of 25 kg bags shows 0.045 `)/0 variance among the samples. By applying the cleaner production concepts to the poultry feed manufacturing process additional benefit can be gain through sale of waste packing material to recycler and also minimize the labour cost for waste management. Through CP can minimize waste generation due to raw material spoilage and moisture losses during silo storage through aeration process. Increase labour efficiency, dumping rate, maintain the storage condition of ware houses were the other achieved advantages of CP concept. Key words: Poultry feed, Cleaner production, Material balance, Moisture losses