Browsing by Author "Fernando, P.M.M."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Multidimensional Poverty in the Estate Sector of Badulla District in Sri Lanka
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2014) Fernando, P.M.M.
    According to the official poverty estimates of the Depai ment of Census and Statistics, poverty in the estate sector of Sri Lanka has gradually reduced in monetary terms over the past years. However, in measuring poverty, monetary approach itself does not contemplate the extent of simultaneous deprivations suffered by individuals under multiple dimensions which are important for reduction of poverty. Therefore, this study aimed at estimating the level of multiple deprivations among the estate poor, identifying the dimensions that people are mostly deprived of and suggesting policies for alleviating poverty which leads to the sustainable development of the country. To understand poverty in multidimensional nature, data from a convenience sample of 200 households in the estate sector of Badulla district were collected and analysed using Multidimensional Poverty Index introduced by Andre and Santos. The study reveals that Multidimensional Poverty Index for the estate sector of Badulla district is 0.12 and 34% of the population were multidimensionally poor along with 37.7% on average intensity of deprivation which is significantly higher than the estimated monetary poverty figures. Poor living standards and insufficient nutrition of estate sector people contributed significantly for multidimensional poverty in the study area. Sanitation contributed 4.8% to multidimensional poverty, which revealed their severity in poverty. However, the attendance of school by school-age children was satisfactory compared to the completed years of schooling by the rest of the household members. As plantation community is constricted within the estate areas, they encounter numerous deprivations and income is not always an ideal measure to determine the depth of poverty. Thus, it is required to reduce nutritional, sanitary, housing and household utility deprivations to reduce multidimensional poverty among the estate population in the Badulla district. Keywords: Multidimensional Poverty, Deprivations, Estate Sector, Sri Lanka
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Multidimensional Poverty in the Estate Sector of Badulla District in Sri Lanka
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019-02) Fernando, P.M.M.; Kumara, P.H.T.; Dharmadasa, R.A.P.I.S.; Samaraweera, W.G.R.L.
    According to the official poverty estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics, poverty in the estate sector of Sri Lanka has gradually reduced in monetary terms over the past years. However, in measuring poverty, monetary approach itself does not contemplate the extent of simultaneous deprivations suffered by individuals under multiple dimensions which are important for reduction of poverty. Therefore, this study aimed at estimating the level of multiple deprivation among the estate poor, identifying the dimensions that people are mostly deprived of and suggesting policies for alleviating poverty which leads to sustainable development of the country. To understand poverty in multidimensional nature, data from a convenience sample of 200 households in the estate sector of Badulla district was collected and analysed using Multidimensional Poverty Index introduced by Alkire and Santos (2010). The study reveals that Multidimensional Poverty Index for the estate sector of Badulla district is 0.12 and 34% of the population were multidimensionally poor along with 37.7% on average intensity of deprivation which are significantly higher than the estimated monetary poverty figures. Poor living standards and insufficient nutrition of estate sector people contributed significantly for multidimensional poverty in the study area. Sanitation which is a necessity of an individual was found contributing 4.8% which revealed their severity in poverty. However, the attendance of school by school aged children was satisfactory compared to the completed years of schooling by the rest of the household members. As plantation community is constricted within the estate areas, they encounter numerous deprivations and income is not always an ideal measure to determine the depth of poverty. Thus, it is required to reduce nutritional, sanitary, housing and household utility deprivations to reduce multidimensional poverty among the estate population in the Badulla district.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Valuation of Glyphosate in Tea Sector of Uva Region in Sri Lanka
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2018) Samaraweera, W.G.R.L.; Fernando, P.M.M.; Sewwandi, I.M.B.; Kariyawasam, L.G.T.; Senarathna, H.T.A.B.
    Banning of Glyphosate without providing any alternative, parallel chemical method to manage the weeds, has left the tea industry vulnerable for increasing cost of production (COP). This is because planters have to mainly depend on manual weeding which incurs a high cost. The aim of this study is to find out the value of Glyphosate per square meter (m2) taking the area of Thelbedda and Ury estates in Uva region into account and apply it to determine the total value of Glyphosate for the entire tea sector in Uva region of Sri Lanka. We applied 'Benefit Transfer' as the valuation technique and evaluated Ury and Thelbedda estates in Uva region. We obtained annual cost of manual weed management and annual yield in the years 2016 & 2017. For the valuation, we assumed that the effects from climatic factors on weed management and yield is negligible, wage rate as well as weed growth rate is constant and effect of Glyphosate lasts till the end of the year 2015. Value of Glyphosate was determined by deducting the cost of manual weeding for the year 2016 from 2017. Values of Glyphosate per square meter of Thelbedda and Ury estates are Rs. 0.95 and Rs. 1.95 respectively. The value of Glyphosate for the entire tea sector of Uva region was determined by multiplying the average by the extent of tea sector (281,330,000 m2) in the Uva region and that is Rs. 407,726,059.90. Accordingly, the value of Glyphosate calculated depicts the worth of Glyphosate to the entire tea sector in Uva region under the valuation method of benefit transfer. The manual weeding cost has a significant increment in the following two years since the banning of Glyphosate application in 2015. The yield too has shown a drastic decline. Since an alternative herbicide has not yet been introduced the demand for labour has increased for manual weeding and so the cost. So Glyphosate is a crucial factor that affects the tea industry in terms of profit.