Browsing by Author "Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B."
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Item Analysis of a Brick Made by Polythene and Silica Using Finite Element Analysis(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019) Kavishani, H.K.D.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.Polythene waste is an eyesore prevailing in today’s society which leads to the contamination of environment and air when discarding or burning. A method of obtaining high strength bricks by aggregating polyethylene (PE) with sand (silica) at various percentages can be introduced as a method of effective utilization of waste polythene. In this research Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used in order to analyse the brick according to its complex material structure. Finite element method is a numerical computerized technique used for predicting the reactions of objects to real-world forces, vibration, heat, fluid flow, and other physical effects. FEA reduces number of physical prototypes and experiments and optimize components in design phase in order to develop better products efficiently and effectively. Time, money and effort for wrong experimental methods can be saved by using FEA. In this research Femap software is used for the overall analysis. Composite formed by polythene and silica is mapped in the software platform. Number of models were analysed by changing the applied temperature level and force level. Post processing data of the analysis were used in order to determine the optimum result. According to the analysis results a temperature between 1200C to 1800C should be supplied to the brick while it is compressed by 20N to 60N force.Item Application of Graph Theory for a Pick and Place Machine(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019) Thulashsayini, K.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.Automation is the use of control system for handling different process and machineries in an industry to replace human. Pick and place machine are one of the important machines used in Robotic industry. In here Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) are consumed as input. Graph Theory can be used to find the shortest path in PCB to place the components in PCB. PCBs are ubiquitous. So, most electronic manufacturing industries relays on PCB as they serve as backbone of almost every electronic device. Therefore, PCB plays a vital role in many industrial production processes. Some machines don’t choose the optimal route to complete their task. So, this research is mainly based on finding the shortest path way in PCB by using appropriate algorithm. Starting from a random point, the nearest point to the initial position was determined and automatically updated by the selected algorithm. This process was continued until analyzing all points and obtaining a feasible solution in the determination of optimal route. In here three types of algorithm were selected for my studies to find and confirm the shortest path. They are Dijkstra’s algorithm, Genetic algorithm and Floyd’s algorithm. Among these Floyd’s algorithm works slower than other algorithms and Genetic algorithm displays shortest path in a matrix form for a selected PCB design. Dijkstra’s algorithm guarantees to find the shortest path much faster and in easily visible form. The analysis shows that the best route which provide the part of the shortest distance will be from node 36-47-7-34-25-37-32 with 1.34 m. This concluded that the Dijkstra’s algorithm is the best method to find optimal route for PCB in pick and place machine. So, this method is much effective and leads to find the shortest path in Printed Circuit Boards.Item The Arduino controlled incubator to control temperature and humidity(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2015) Selvanigethan, S.; Wanniarachchi, W.K.I.L.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.The incubator with the aid of a tungsten bulb to maintain the temperature and the water and a desiccator to maintain humidity was developed. The aim here is to enhance the ability of maintaining accuracy in temperature and humidity to keep them in desired value with bulb, water, and copper sulfate desiccator. Obtained results show a tolerance of 2% in temperature, and 3% in humidity inside the incubation area for a finite range. Incubators are widely used for hatching the eggs, food preservation, and laboratory purposes. Overall the incubator was made to study the ability to maintain humidity simultaneously with the temperature and also the accuracy of the both factors in relation to the expected output values. There were ways to maintain a temperature with a reduced error percentage but not clear ways exist to maintain the humidity with minimized error. The system is a closed loop one with feedbacks of the outputs time to time to check and reduce the error percentage. The controller is an on-off controller and the system is controlled by Arduino programming board (Arduino Mega – AT Mega 2560). Since the system is a simple on-off controller system the accuracy of the system is not perfect as well as a fuzzy logic controlled system or Proportional-plus-integral- plus-derivative controller system. Anyway the system suits for normal purposes in agriculture, food preservation, and egg hatching where a range of the temperature or humidity is only required. The system uses sensors to sense the temperature and humidity. The use of heat emitted from a bulb in temperature change is studied in this setup. The effect of exposure of water in adding water vapor to a space to increase the humidity, and the effect of copper sulfate desiccator in absorbing the water vapor to decrease the humidity are also studied throughout the research. Methodology A wooden box was made and the lower part of the box was separated by a wooden plate. In the separated lower part a water containing basin was fixed under the separation plate. The plate was drilled and an opening was created to make an interface between the face of water and the upper part of the area. The opening was closed by a plastic door and a 5.0 voltage gear motor was fixed with the door in order to control the opening and closing of the door. A tube like structure was created in the upper surface of the wooden plate and 100grams of dehydrated copper sulfate was added inside the tube. The opening of the tube towards the upper area of the incubator was closed by a plastic door and another 5.0 voltage gear motor is fixed with the door in order to control the opening and closing of the door. A 220 voltage, 100 Watts Tungsten bulb is fixed inside the upper part of the incubator which was the incubation area. Two sensors DHT22 humidity sensor, and LM35temperature sensor were fixed in the incubation area in order to measure the humidity, and temperature values. Adequate wirings were made to connect the motors, bulb, and sensors with the control circuit. The control circuit was created using PCB wizard software. A Relay (125VAC, 5VDC), ULN2003A integrated circuit, and L293D motor controller were used to create the circuit. The circuit was connected to an Arduino Mega development board and adequate wiring was made to connect the circuit board with Arduino Mega development board. The Arduino Mega development board was programmed to maintain the system with the desired values of temperature, and humidity.Item Automated Attendance System Using Webcam Based Barcode Reader(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Kulathilaka, S.H.S.; Udawatta, L.; Piyathilaka, J.M.L.C.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.; Nihmiya, A.R.Maintaining attendance of the employee's and hours worked require an accurate means for the effective operation of any business or government agency. So they necessitate the use of simpler and effective systems as a replacement to the existing ones according to the ongoing growth of technology. Automated attendance system using webcam based barcode reader is one of the relevant solution for existing system, which can extract and decode the sequence of the barcode on a cluttered background and store the decode value with time and date. It is composed of four functions: barcode localization from the raw image, transformation of the localized barcode, decoding the sequence and storing the decoding data with other relevant data of employer attendance. The localization method is based on detecting the areas with the maximum density difference in two normal directions. The transformation method, capable of identifying any orientation, is based on the Hough line detection method. Using a variation of the Hough transformation noise is removed and distortions are reduced. This results in a more robust barcode scanning system. The decoding method is based on mathematical modelling of the EAN-13 barcode type and the database handling method is based on the ADO.NET technology in Visual Basic for interacts with the Microsoft Access database. The algorithms used in the barcode reader have been tested on number of images with an accuracy of more than eighty present. The system finds quite an important application in Payroll calculation and also viability in commercial applications. Primary application that has focused on is to maintain attendance of employees in an office. Key words: Barcode Localization, Barcode Reorganization, Webcam, Hough Transformation, EAN-13 barcodeItem Automatic Counting for Entry Point(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Fairoos, M.A.; Udawatta, L.; Piyathilaka, J.M.L.C.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.; Nihmiya, A.R.An automated occupant counter is a device used to count the number of people walking through a door. Most of the time, this system is used at the entrance of a building so that the total number of people occupied can be recorded. This occupant counting system will be useful for many sectors. Especially, it may be important for marketing research, pedestrian traffic management, tourist flow estimation or in security application in an emergency situation and more. For example in case of an evacuation need it is possible to know how many people are trapped inside a building to execute a prompt evacuation plan. The system has two sensing elements and two signal processing channels arranged such that a PIC16F84 microcontroller produces signals of opposite polarities in the two channels. A method of monitoring a passageway and an alarm management unit associated with an integrated system are also provided. An alarm signal is delivered only in the event that the two signals of opposite polarities are cutting simultaneously. Disturbances, such as component noise, which affect only one channel cannot give rise to an alarm, nor can power supply disturbances which produce signals of the same polarity in both channels. There will be also provided an automated occupant counter system for determining a direction of travel of human including first and second human detection devices and a controller. The controller provides an output representative of a direction of travel in response to the outputs of the first and second human detection devices and then that will display on LCD. Further, there will be a rotating gate set up to control the passengers to move one by one in an overcrowded situation. Key words: Microcontroller, Occupant counter, Signal processingItem An Autonomous Assistant Service Robot for an Office Environment(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Kulathunga, A.G.R.; Udawatta, L.; Piyathilaka, J.M.L.C.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.; Nihmiya, A.R.Recently, Autonomous humanoid robotics technology is being expected to provide various services in human living environments. But the commercial availability of these types of robots is still not considerable, due to many unsolved problems in this research area. Self-localization and navigation of mobile robots are most challenging problems. So researchers have introduced many advanced navigation systems. This paper presents a system of pre defined map base indoor navigation robot for known environment. The robot operates on a floor tile grid and uses sensor base technique for path planning. There is an array of reflective IR sensors for tracing line and counting the grid edges. The robot considers starting position as an absolute reference point. While navigating, processing unit updates the x, y coordinates and verify with defined map, thus it can obtain accurate path to the destination. Robots' linear motion control was done by comparing speeds of the main wheels using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique. A closed loop Proportional Integral (PI) control system was used to synchronize speed of dual wheels. Omni directional wheel was used to reduce slip. The destination selection and robot navigation were controlled by a control panel with a graphical display. The robot delivers documents while keeping them inside a password secured cabin. Speaking ability enhance user friendliness of robot. Further the Current Date, Time, Temperature and Location were displaying to more favorable in the office environment. The control unit consists of a set of PIC Microcontrollers which were programmed in C Language by using I2C and RS232 communication protocols. The algorithm of this robot was designed to demonstrate inside an office building. Its' maximum linear velocity is 0.26 ms-lby navigating on a 5mm grid line .The minimum position error is within one tile. In this method the navigation errors wouldn't be cumulative. Key words: Robot localization and navigation, Autonomous service robot, grid based navigation, closed loop feedback systemItem Car Park Navigation and Management System: A Software Solution(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Dilangi, W.G.C.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.The Car Park Management and Navigation System is a system designed to reduce the number of problems associated with parking cars. Aims of this project are to create a systematic method of parking cars, to reduce congestion in parking lots and to prevent the occurrence of indiscriminate parking. Parking in the urban areas has become increasingly part and parcel of successful business; more and more shoppers get attracted to organized shopping complexes where ample, secure and effectively managed parking is provided. This project has focused on developing software that will effectively manage the parking facilities and manage parking in order to optimize the use of limited parking spaces and increase customer satisfaction. To achieve this objective, a qualitative and quantitative research design was used whereby survey used as the research instruments in data collectionItem Construction of Locomotion Models of a Snake Robot(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019) Prabhashana, M.D.P.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.Biological snakes use different modes of locomotion on terrain and underwater to fulfill their needs. These locomotion models help them to adapt to different environments where they live. Snake robots which has the locomotion models same as biological snakes will possess similar capabilities enabling them to be used in applications involving complicated environments fulfilling modern human needs such as urban search and rescue, maintenance in narrow places or dangerous surroundings to human and military needs such as spying. Snake robots can traverse inaccessible environments more efficiently than the motor driven conventional wheeled vehicles. Construction of this robot is fulfilled by using ten linkages, ten servo motors, microcontroller and 7.5V battery. The rectilinear and serpentine motions of the robot are controlled by the Arduino microcontroller. In this work, considering the kinematic and dynamics of biological snakes, the design of a segment of robot was designed by using the computer aided designing software and those segments were 3D printed using ABS fiber material. Kinematics and dynamics of locomotion methods of snakes simplified and coded by using C+ language to the microcontroller of snake robot. Constructing a low-cost, passive caster wheeled snake robot which has locomotion models of biological snakes was developed.Item Control the Temperature of an Electric Iron Using Fuzzy Logic Technique(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2016) Chathuranga, K.W.S.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.The paper presents a fuzzy logic control technique which gives a major contribution to solve the problems those are categorized as difficult to solve with conventional control techniques. In addition, the fuzzy logic control technique delivers solutions faster than the conventional system. Temperature controlling is a very important task in many fields such as food preparation, cloths preparation, incubators, refrigerators systems that are used in experiments. As the outcome of the study, a fuzzy logic based-temperature control system was developed which is more appropriate for an electric iron. The system consist of a microcontroller, temperature sensor, a user interface circuit, display interface circuit and an output interface circuit. Fuzzy logic technique was implemented to achieve a controlled temperature output function. The temperature was measured with respect to time for the system comprised of the fuzzy logic based- temperature control system using the LM35 sensor. It was observed that, the time consumed to reach the stable temperature, which is defined according to a preferred set of values, was heavily depending upon the temperature value to be achieved itself. The same LM35 temperature sensor was used to obtain the final output of observable temperature. According to the results, the entire system was capable of achieving the stable value for the set temperatures. It can be concluded that, the achievement is because of using a fuzzy logic based-temperature control system for an electric iron. Keywords: Electric iron, Fuzzy logic, Temperature control, Temperature sensor, microcontrollerItem Convert 2D Images to 3D Image(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Gaspe, G.M.S.M.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.; Wijesooriya, P.N.Image processing plays a major role in modern technology. Implementations of this field are varying from simple applications like documentation to complex applications like space context. Before use in the above applications images should be processed using relevant techniques. There are many software that can process the images and get the outputs to be used in the above mentioned applications. Conversion of 2D images into 3D format is essential in applications such as automatic navigation of robots and vehicles, satellite identification and fault diagnosis, medical reasoning and remote surgery (Pollefeys et al., 2000). With developed software user can obtain 3D images using 2D images in a lesser time and the human interaction have been eliminated to a single step. Methodology MATLAB is a technical computing language used throughout the research (Background on matlab image processing toolboxes, 2013). The system allows user to input two stereo images of the object which is to be converted into 3D. Then the image pair is read and converted to gray scale for the matching process. To have more efficient and accurate results two system objects were used. Basically red-cyan channel images give 3D visualization when visualized with 3D spectacles or one with a red and cyan vision. So the conversion of two stereo images to cyan and red is done. RGB value of cyan is 0,255,255 and RGB value of red is 255, 0, 0. So left image is (:,:,1:1)=0 and right image is(:,:,2:3)=0;. For the best block matching step, extract the 7 X 7 pixel block is considered in the right image and search along the same row in the left image (Image point matching, 2013). Sum of absolute difference is used to compare the image regions. Template Matcher System object is used to increase the accuracy of blocks matching (www.imageprocessingbook.com). Then allocating space for all template matcher system objects is done. Scan is done over all rows and columns and disparity bound is calculated for each. Then template and region of interest is constructed. Depth map have positive values only. Finally As there are noisy patches and bad depth estimates everywhere noise filtration is done.Item Degradation of Polymeric Components in Biodiesel Fuel System(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Karuppu, K.A.D.D.; Wijesekara, K.B.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.The worldwide demand for energy is ever increasing and biodiesel is gaining momentum an alternative renewable fuel against the ever shrinking fossil fuel reserves in the world. However certain concerns must be addressed before manufacturers and the general public fully accept it. There is a strong public opinion that the use of biodiesel could harm the polymeric components in the diesel fuel system. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether there is any degradation in polymeric components of the diesel fuel system of automobiles, such as the rubber fuel hose, with long term use of biodiesel. Biodiesel was made after base catalyzed transesterification of extracted pure Domba (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil. Blends of biodiesel were made by mixing pure biodiesel with fossil diesel. Real fuel hose used in diesel automobiles and a garden rubber hose were treated with different blends of Biodiesel, B100 (pure Biodiesel), B80 (80% Biodiesel 20% Fossil fuel), B60, B40, B20 and BOO (Fossil diesel) using a special set-up to mimic the actual diesel fuel system of automobiles. Pre test and post test internal diameter changes, weight changes and length changes were measured for rubber and real fuel hoses. Internal surface observations were done under the magnification 4.0 x 10 of a Stereo Microscope with a digital imaging system, before and after the treatment with biodiesel blends. Degree of degradation in garden rubber hose and in real fuel hose was assessed using a five point grading system and the analysis of data was done using Minitab statistical software. Garden hose treated with blends over B80 underwent significant structural changes such as increase in diameter and weight loss while no significant structural changes were observed with real fuel hose. No significant surface degradation occurred in the fuel hose used in the diesel automobiles with all the blends tested, since it has been treated with an oil resistant coating. Conversely, garden rubber hose showed severe surface degradation with blends B100 and B 80 while no significant degradation was observed with blends 820, B40 and B60. Automobile fuel hose can be used with any blend of biodiesel without any modification in existing diesel fuel system of all automobiles as an alternative to fossil diesel. Key words: Bio diesel, PolymericItem Design of Dust Extractor to Prevent Chemical Dust Coming out of Water Treatment Process(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2021) Rathnayake, R.M.S.S.; Bandara, W.M.D.C.; Asanka, W.S.M.P.; Dissanayake, D.L.T.P.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.; Lakmal, S.D.R.In water purification, every water purification unit makes sure to apply the appropriate chemicals to the specific need and locations. In this case, various chemicals have to be applied to separate the mud or any substance that has been mixed with the water and destroy the micro-organisms such as harmful bacteria in the water and purify the water. From time to time a coagulant like alum has to be applied to the water purification process. Here the chemical substance has to be used as a powder for those processes. This paper comes up with a solution to prevent the dust from mixing with the person with the substance as well as the environment. The dust may be released into the environment and into the body of the person performing that task. As a solution for that, there is a requirement called for a dust extractor for the water treatment plants. The main objectives of this case are contributing to the increase of local production at a lower cost and helping to retain local currency here and enlarge the technical knowledge and their production, which encourage the people by avoiding harmful processes for the global. A dust extractor is a device that collects suspended dust. They have filters that effectively separate large particles from microscopic particles. The importance of the dust extractor is, frequently utilized as an air contamination control gadget to keep up or improve air quality. But its special feature is that although there is a dust extractor machine as a solution, they are expensive and inefficient and cannot be used for a long time. This paper mention something about designing a dust extractor for this at no extra cost. This is most suitable for water treatment plants. This is an attempt to manufacture this machine at a very low cost and suits the economic level of Sri Lanka. As well as using a simple mechanism. Keywords: Dust Extractor; Environmental effect; Healthy; Cost-effective; Water treatmentItem Designing Low Cost Smart Energy Meter(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Hasanka, P.H.L.; Piyathilaka, L.C.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.NOTE: see the PDF version Smart energy meters are the next generation of electricity or gas meters which are software-based, power efficient devices that accurately track the energy consumption. The Smart energy meter offers major benefits to both the customers and companies, in terms of efficiency, reliability, and cost saving. There are three kinds of electricity meters available in the world. They are electromechanical meters, Electronic meters and multiple tariff (variable rate) meters. Electronic meters or smart energy meters, as opposed to traditional mechanical and/or electromechanical solutions in use, provide benefits as more accurate bills, lower bills, sell energy back to the grid, and flexible tariffs. Introducing smart energy metering to domestic electricity consumption has many advantages like reducing electricity consumption in peak hours, drawing consumer attention on their energy consumption and etc. These energy meters are commercially available in the market today. But to replace all the existing manual electrical meters with smart energy meters, large amount of money has to be invested. Therefore, designing a low cost smart energy meter will be the best solution for issues of increasing electricity consumption in the country. Accordingly, this project aimed to design a low cost smart energy meter to minimize energy consumption and energy costs for consumers by introducing a system to save energy and control the utilization of electricity at peak hours. And this project also focused to introduce a degree of automation, including Automated Meter Reading (AMR).Item Development a Self-Driving Golf Cart Using Kinect Sensor and Robot Operating System (ROS)(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2021) Thilakarathna, M.M.R.U.; Bandara, T.U.K.S.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.; Mark, R.A.D.R.K.; Gunasekara, L.K.I.K.An automated guided vehicle (AGV), in general, follows markings or wires on the floor or uses vision or laser sensors for its navigation. AGVs have been applied for flexible manufacturing systems, storage systems, delivery systems and in many similar situations in the industry mainly to move materials around a manufacturing facility or a warehouse. They are programmable mobile vehicles. AGVs are advantageous over conventional material transportation methods because its repeatability and economic savings because of the absence of labor. The aim of this paper is to develop an automated golf cart for human transportation. To date, in Sri Lanka, there is no self- driving system for human transportation. Hence, by introducing an electrical self-driving solution for the Sri Lankan transportation system, environmental impacts and exhaust emissions can be reduced which are generated by fossil fuel consumption. The price of petrol is increasing due to shortage in supplying crude oil. If there is an electric self-driving system, the shortage of fuel can be overcome. This AGV system can be used in large factories, hotels, gardens and parks for human transportation. This self-driving technology may create new industries and job opportunities for thousands of employees in Sri Lanka. Paper presents an autonomous navigation AGV system based on a Robot Operating System (ROS) for indoor and outdoor navigation tasks. This system uses a Kinect sensor for map building of its environment. First, the system was developed and simulated using the ROS platform. Then, this self-navigation system was applied to a real golf cart by updating its control and drive system to match with the new self-navigation system. In this update, the Ackerman steering system and the braking system of the golf cart was automated to work in parallel with the new controller. This innovative system can carry up to four persons at a time. Experimental trials showed the ability of the AGV to move loads and people to their target locations. Keywords: AGV; ROS; Kinect Sensor; Ackerman Steering System; Automated NavigationItem Development of a Simple Non-toxic Scale-up Method for Extracting Crude Collagen from Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares) Skin(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2020) Jayasundara, J.M.S.S.; Wimalarathne, W.; Pitawala, H.M.J.C.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.; Abeyrathne, E.D.N.S.During processing, a greater quantity of fish is dumped as waste which causes a major environmental impact. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate possible ways to minimize the waste and use of these wastes at the industrial level. Thus, the current study was aimed to develop a simple, non-toxic, and scale-up method to extract crude collagen from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) skin. Collagen extraction was carried out through a pre-treatment process where the skin was agitated with 0.1 N NaOH for 48 hours. Two different acid types, lactic acid (0.4 M, 0.5 M, 0.6 M) and acetic acid (0.5 M, as in the previous study) were compared. Sodium chloride (10% w/v) was used to precipitate crude collagen. Extracted collagens were lyophilized and yield was calculated. For the agitation purpose, specially prepared agitator (30 L capacity and 50 rpm) was used. Then, 10% SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) analysis and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis were carried out for the identification of the extracted crude collagen. The highest yield of collagen was obtained from 0.6 M lactic acid-treated fish skin compared to the rest and it was 14.46 ± 0.56 % based on the wet weight of the skin (p < 0.05). All the crude collagen extracts of different concentrations exhibited Amide A, Amide B, Amide i, Amide ii, and Amide iii which are the characteristic spectra of collagen in the FTIR spectrum. Based on the SDS-PAGE analysis it was revealed that the crude collagen extracts have two α-bands and one β-band which is a characteristic of type I collagen. Thus, this study revealed the tuna skin is a good source to extract type I collagen for the commercial and industrial uses. Keywords: Fish collagen, Thunnus albacares, Lactic acid, Acetic acid, ExtractionItem Development of Fast and Low Cost vision-Based 3D Scanner for Surface Registration of 3d Shapes(Uva Wellassa University of Srilanka, 2011) Piyathilaka, J.M.L.C.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.Note: See the PDF Version A 3D scanner is a device that inspects three dimensional objects to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance .The collected data can then be used to re-engineer, three dimensional models useful for wide variety of applications. Unlike conventional 2D scanners used in office environment which can only scan plane objects like images on paper, these devices are used extensively by the entertainment industry in the production of movies and video games. Other common applications of this technology include industrial design, orthotics and prosthetics, reverse engineering and prototyping, quality control/inspection and documentation of cultural artifacts. 3D scanning technology can be used to produce highly value added products in existing local industries. Potential uses of 3D scanning technology in the Sri Lankan industries are endless. Reconstruct replicas of precious artifacts, national monuments are possible applications. These replicated models have higher demand in local and international markets. Another application area is the garment industry. The 3D scanner enables us to examine the human body in ways never before possible, including the shape of a cross section, slice area, surface area, and volume. This not only makes the body measurement process much more convenient for the customer, it also estimates the need for changing rooms. This technology can be used to manufacture custom stitched highly value added garments for international markets. 3D scanning can also be used in quality control and inspection. It can precisely analyze the "as built" condition of parts after they have been manufactured. Typically, non- contact technology is used to quickly inspect the overall shape and size of parts, quickly detecting issues such as overall scale issues. 3D scanners existing in the market are in the range $100k to $400k. In our previous research (Ranasinghe et al., 2010) we developed a scanner projecting laser beam onto the object and capturing video sequence while rotating the platform via a stepper motor. Recorded video sequence is then processed to construct the 3D shape of the object. Main limitation of this project's outcome was that scanning process took more than 3 minutes to complete, dimensions of the object were not recorded and image processing and surface construction was done off-line. In the present research, we further developed the existing system in order to overcome these limitations. We introduced a spiral shaped platform that replaced the circular platform. Since the radius of the used spiral shaped platform changes as a function of rotation angle we were able to record the rotational angle real time by image processing the video. Also the known dimensions of the spiral shaped platform are used to calibrate the dimensions of the scanning object. Introduction of the spiral shaped platform reduced the scanning time considerably and allowed recording the dimension of the objects real-time.Item Development of Low cost 3D Scanner for Surface Registration of Simple Objects(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Ranasinghe, N.A.N.; Udawatta, L.; Piyathilaka, J.M.L.C.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.; Nihmiya, A.R.Three-dimensional scanning has been widely used for many years for reverse engineering, quality control and part inspection applications. Use of the technique has recently expanded into the entertainment industry for character animation, toys, computer games, and feature films. Other applications include archaeological applications and forensic assessment. 3D laser scanners are high tech devices that have the ability to accurately capture the surface of objects and provide real 3D data back to the user. It analyzes a real-world object or environment to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance. The collected data can then be used to construct digital, 3D models useful for a wide variety of applications. However, they can only obtain a partial representation of the scene while the human mind is able to imagine and extrapolate all the information from the object. The goal of this research is to study the different techniques used and propose convenient and fast mechanism to register 3D acquisitions. This study detects the complexity of the existing techniques and presents a new classification in 3D real time registration. Historically, devices that could be used in 3D scanning have been prohibitively expensive. Large scale devices can cost in excess of $20,000 with desktop units, with limited capability costing more than $1,500. Therefore this research focused on acquiring 3D models for computer graphics and animation applications using low-cost 3D laser scanning' system. The primary advantage of laser scanning is that the process is non-contact, fast and generates coordinate locations that lie directly on the surface of the scanned object. This research describes a low-cost hardware and software system for construction of digital, three dimensional, computer aided model of simple real-world objects, that will be useful for a wide variety of applications. Key words: 3D laser scanners, Computer graphics, Animation applicationsItem A Digital Device to Measure Distance on Multiple Surfaces(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2019) Thevathayarajh, T.; Amarasinghe, A.R.P.C.C.J.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.Measurements are one of the daily procedures to separate the needed length in apparel industries. Measuring tape is the only available method for this process now a days. Even shoulder measurements in tailor shop is taken by measuring tape too. This might consumes time and causes error while taking measurements quickly. So there is a need for the independent measuring system to solve this deficiency. A pen like structure of diameter 3.5cm cylindrical wooden bar was cut and further diameter of 2cm was drilled in that where the components were set. A Keyes KY-040, rotary encoder was used to count the rotation was attached to the end of the cylinder. Smooth surface and rough surface shaped disc were made using 3D printers and those models were designed using SolidWorks software. These discs can be attached to the encoder shaft according to the surface where the device is used. Arduino Nano was used as microcontroller for performing algorithmic work. Liquid crystal display was used to display the output measurement. This measurement can be displayed in Centimeter, Foot and Inch scales at the press of a button. Error corrections were done according to the measurements obtained from the Measuring device. 96% percentage accuracy was obtained on the random measurementsItem Industrial Ultrasonic Tank Liquid Capacity Indicator(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Wattegedara, P.U.; Wijesooriya, P.N.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.Industrial automation is a vast area of research & implemented in different scales. A large number of researchesare conducting throughout the world to find optimum and most cost effective systems. In these researches, instruments measuring liquids and control systems are taken very important place (Mohammad, 2009.). Using this technology it indicates liquid capacity and control liquid automatically. Results two weeks industrial visit and I have seen this issue at Palwatta sugar factory & distillery plant use manual capacity level measuring techniques (Figure 2) or mechanical systems (Figure 1) to measure tanks liquid stock. These manual systems need additional human resources and mechanical systems to overcome the errors due to the friction of pulleys and ropes. Because of these issues inaccurate readings are obtained.Item IoT Based Health Monitoring System(Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2020) Gowshika, S.; Ekanayake, R.M.T.C.B.Scarcity of the medical resources likes hospital spaces and the availability of doctors has become a serious problem for patients in our country. IoT is a concept that is revolutionizing the current world which can be utilized to find a solution to this problem. IoT plays a key role in many industries in the present world. Its uses can be seen in agricultural, industrial, medical, and many other fields. An IoT device having the functionality to replace doctor or medical personnel will be a solution. A device which will be able to monitor patients who don’t need and emergency treatment, by keeping them at home and alert them and doctors in case of an emergency for the patient is a remarkable solution for this problem A system having the capability to read the vitals of the patient using sensors and analysis the data and monitor the patient, alerts patient and doctors in case of emergency and keeps a record of the vital measurements for the future analysis is developed. Using the ECG sensor, pulse rate sensor and temperature sensor the pulse rate, ECG, and body temperature will be measured and will be compared against the reference values and if the deviation is above the tolerated level it will immediately provide an alert. Here the node MCU will function as the main communication hub, while Arduino mega will get the readings from the sensors and transmit it to node MCU module. The sensors used in this prototype are available in the local market, with an affordable price range. MYSQL is used as a database management tool. A visualization interface for the stored data is also integrated, which will make the doctors work easy for the analysis of the patient’s current health conditions. IoT is used as the basic backbone for the gathering and storage of the sensor data. Keywords: IoT, Health care, Patient monitoring