Browsing by Author "Dunukedeniya, D.M.H.E."

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    Comparison of Properties of Leather Made using Plant Oil and Fish Oil as Fatliquors
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Dunukedeniya, D.M.H.E.; Samaraweera, A.M.; Tharangani, R.M.H.; Wickramasingha, W.
    The skin of animal which has been processed to retain its flexibility, toughness, and water proof nature is known as leather (Deluca and Longley, 2008). Leather is a durable and flexible material created via the tanning of animal raw hide and skin, primarily cattle hide. In shoe making process flexibility of the leather is very important. In addition to that leather should be water proof to avoid wearing leather clothes, shoes, hand bags and etc. Major leather making processes involves soaking, tanning, retanning, fatliquoring and finishing (Anon, 2011). Among the steps, fatliquoring is the most critical step in the leather manufacturing procedure. Fatliquoring is the process of introducing oil into a skin following tannage but before the leather is dried (Sivakumar et al., 2007). Therefore, this research was carried out to introduce Castor oil and Gingerly oil as fat liquors as a replacement for high cost fish oil. Methodology This study was carried out at Ceylon Leather Products PLC (CLPLC). The laboratory analysis was done at CLPLC and Uva Wellassa University laboratories. For the fatliquoring purpose, castor oil and gingerly oil were selected according to the lubrication power and unsaturation level of the oil. Then, the selected oils were sulfated using 10% and 20% sulfation levels (Anon, 2011) and were used for the fatliquoring purpose, where fish oil was used as the control. The wet blue of cow hides were selected which used for manufacturing of cow tung lining leather. surface area were selected and divided into five samples. After fatliquoring, retanning, toggle drying and staking was carried out for all treatments with equal time and relevant chemical recipe. Finally, the finishing of leather was done by applying color using hand pad and wax using spray machine. Finally the tensile strength and distention were measured using a universal testing machine and a lastometer, respectively. Then sensory evaluation was conducted to evaluate the softness, fullness, loose grain, oiliness in leather surface and the overall acceptability using 10 trained panelists. The sensory data were analyzed using non-parametric procedure, using the Friedman test incorporated in MINITAB 16 software package. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used and data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) incorporated in MINITAB 16 with 95% confidence level (p=0.05). Results and Discussion There is no significant difference in distension of the leather versus different fat liquors used (p>0.05). However, the highest and the lowest mean values for distension were given by gingerly oil with 20% sulfation level (according to the weight of the oil) and castor oil with 10% of sulfation level (according to the weight of the oil), respectively (Figure 1). Higher sulfation levels in oil resulted in higher values in distension due to increased penetration ability of oil into the hide (Anon, 2011).
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    Comparison of Properties of Leather Made Using Plant Oil and Fish Oil as Fatliquors
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Dunukedeniya, D.M.H.E.
    In leather manufacturing process, fatliquoring is a critical point since it increases the softness, fullness, tensile strength and gives lubrication property to the leather. Therefore, this study was formulated to select the best method among five treatments and to select the best fatliquoring agent among castor oil and gingerly oil to replace fish oil. Therefore, castor oil and gingerly oil were selected based on their viscosity values and the iodine values as fatliquoring agents where fish oil was used as the control. Two sulfation levels (10 % and 20 %), from each castor and gingerly oil was taken. The wet blue of cow hides were selected which used for manufacturing of Cow Tung Lining leather. 15 cow hide pieces with lft2 surface area were selected to conduct the research. Three replicates were assigned for each treatment. All treatments were undergone retanning process according to the relevant chemical recipe. After the retanning process, the hide lot was piled up for a day for water drainage and samples were dried using toggle drying. Then the lot was staked by using staking machine for the mechanical massage of the leather. Finally it was finished by applying a color and wax. Then, the tensile strength and distension of the final leather were measured. In addition to that sensory evaluation was conducted to evaluate the softness, fullness, loose grain, oiliness on leather surface and the overall acceptability of the final leather using 10 trained panelists. The sensory data were analyzed using non-parametric procedure, according to the Friedman test using Minitab 16 software programme. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was conducted and obtained data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure with 95 % significant level. However, the results indicate that gingerly oil with 20 % sulfation level (according to the weight of the oil) was the best because it had the highest distension, tensile strength and overall acceptability in sensory evaluation. Therefore, castor oil with 10% sulfation level (according to the weight of the oil) was not an effective fatliquoring method. However, the leather quality of made using fish oil was less than gingerly oil with 20 % sulfation level (according to the weight of the oil). Key words: Castor oil, Fatliquoring, Gingerly oil