Browsing by Author "Bambaranda, M."

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    Partial Replacement of Beef Heart with Druckweed (Lemna minor) for Ornamental Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Jayarathne, G.L.U.C.; Jayamanne, S.C.; Bambaranda, M.; Bandaranayake, L.D.R.
    Koi (Carp) is an ornamental fish variety belongs to family Cyprinidae. Beef heart is used as a good source of protein for fish. Since the cost of beef heart is high, formulation of fis h feed using an alternative protein source is important to reduce the cost of fish feed. Duckweed was used as the alternative source for beef at the present study. Main objectives of the study were to determine the optimum inclusion level and examine the growth performance of koi fingerlings that are very important for the ornamental fish industry.The experimental system was consisted of 18 rectangular glass tanks as having three replicates for each treatment. Ten fish were stocked in each tank (average weight 1.17±0.01 g and average length 3.3±0.05 cm). Lemna minor (duckweed) was collected and sun dried for two days and finely ground. Beef heart, duckweed, rice bran and wheat flour were used as feed ingredients. Vitamin and mineral were equally fixed as 0.5 % by weight for each six diets. Six different diets were formulated by following the Pearson square method with inclusion of different levels of duckweed 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, and 50 % (Named as Diet 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 respectively). Dietary protein level of diets was estimated as 35 %. The amount of feed offered was 5 % body weight of fish. Daily feed allowance was twice a day. Weight and standard length of all fish were measured weekly intervals for seven weeks. Water quality parameters (Temperature, pH and Dissolved oxygen) were recorded and maintained throughout the experimental period. Percentage survival rate, Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Food Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) were calculated using standard methods. Data were analyzed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). According to the mean values of growth parameters of fish fed with six different diets, the best values were recorded for diet 2 replacing beef heart with 10 % duckweed leaf meal. There was a significantly difference among mean ), FCR and PER values of six different diets (P<0.05MWG and SGR recorded for fish fed with diet 2, 3, 4 and 5 were not significantly different ) and the best FCR value was recorded for fish fed with diet 2. PER value of fish fed with control diet did not show a significant difference from that of other diets. There was a significantly difference (P > 0.05) among PER values of fish fed with diet 2 from that of other diets except from the control diet. There was no significantly difference (P > 0.05) in any of the water quality parameters in relation to different diets. Average water temperature was ranged between 29.61 °C to 29.66 °C while dissolved oxygen content was fluctuated from 6.35 ppm to 6.50 ppm. pH was ranged between 7.04 ppm to 7.09 ppm. This study showed that the use of Lemna minor leaf meal is suitable to partially replace very expensive beef heart for the growth of koi fingerlings. Low level of inclusion (10 %) of duckweed was the most efficient.
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    Perfecting Explants Sterilization Procedure and Multiple Shoot Induction Medium for In-Vitro Propagation of Lagenandra Species
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Premathilake, P.G.A.D.; Bambaranda, M.; Jayamanne, S.C.; Krishnarajah, S.A.
    Lagenandra species are important aquatic plants in the aquaculture industry of Sri Lanka (Yapabandara and Ranasinghe, 2006). In the absence of a regular supply due to lack of effective propagation methods, Lagenandra species are indiscriminately harvested from the wild to supply to the export market. In order to overcome the problem of species loss and inadequate supply to the local and foreign markets, an in vitro micro- propagation method was developed for Lagenandra lancifolia and Lagenandra ovata. The maintenance of aseptic or sterile conditions is essential for successful tissue culture procedures. Various sterilization agents are used for surface sterilization the tissues. These disinfectants are also toxic to the plant tissues, hence proper concentration of disinfectants, duration of exposing the explants to the various disinfectants, the sequences of using these disinfectants has to be standardized to minimize explants injury and achieve better survival (CPRI, 1992). Mercuric chloride and sodium hypochlorite were used for the present study to standardize the best sterilization protocol for in vitro culture of Lagenandra ovata and Lagenandra lancifolia. Culture initiation and multiplication, to a great extent, are dependent on the type and genotype of explants as well as the type of hormone and their concentration. Many commercial ornamental plants are being propagated by in-vitro culture on the culture medium containing auxins and cytokinins (Peril, 2003).BAP (6- Benzylaminopurine) and IAA (Indole acetic acid) hormone with different concentration were used in the present study to perfect the best combination of IAA and BAP in shoot multiplication procedure. Methodology The research was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory, Floriculture research and development unit, Royal botanic gardens, Peradeniya. The rhizomes (1 cm - 2 cm pieces) were used as explants. In the first experiment, explants were soaked in different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (15%, 20%, and 25%) and mercuric chloride (0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%) to perfecting explants sterilization procedure. Each explant was soaked for twenty minutes in Sodium hypochlorite solution and two minutes in Mercuric chloride solutions. Number of contaminated cultures was observed after two weeks from explants establishment in hormone free Murashige and Skoog medium. In second experiment, effect of different hormone combinations (hormone free MS medium, , BAP 7 mgl +IAA 0.1 mgl ) in 0.5 MS semi solid medium, full MS semi solid medium and full MS liquid medium for shoot initiation and multiplication were evaluated. Number of shoot initiation, shoot length, number of shoots per culture and number of leaves per culture were recorded after six weeks from explants establishment in MS medium.All the data were analyzed using ANOVA in SAS and Minitab statistical package.
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    Uptake of Nitrate and Phosphate by Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria spiralis
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2013) Karunarathna, K.K.C.K.; Jayamanne, S.C.; Bambaranda, M.; Bandaranayake, R.
    The phosphate and nitrate are major inorganic components which are directly and indirectly accumulate in water bodies (Boundless, 1997). High concentrations of phosphates and nitrates present in the wastewater causes eutrophication that severely affects natural water bodies (Kenneth, 2006). To avoid accumulation of nitrate and phosphate in waterbodies, water purification systems should be established with P and N removal facilities. The cost of the advanced instruments that can purify water is not affordable by the developing countries such as Sri Lanka and water purification by aquatic plants is considered as a suitable method. The present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of two fresh water aquatic plants, Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria spiralis in removing nitrate and phosphate from the waste water. The main objective of the study was to identify the best plant which can absorb a large amount of nitrate and phosphate from the wastewater. Methodology The research was conducted in two stages to investigate the fluctuation of nitrate and phosphate in the wastewater with aquatic plants. The first experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of nitrate and phosphate by using Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria spiralis in equal biomass. The Hydrilla verticillata, Vallisneria spiralis, a combination of Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria spiralis and control treatment were used as different treatments and the same biomass was provided for each treatment units (16 g) except for the control. Then water samples were collected daily in the morning (8.00 a.m.) and used to estimate the nitrate and phosphate concentration. The experimental design was completely randomized design. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and general liner model in Minitab 14. The second experiment was conducted to compare the ability of two aquatic plants Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria spiralis in removing nitrate and phosphate from wastewater and the appropriate density that can be used for controlling eutrophication. Different biomasses of 8 g, 16 g, 24 g and 32 g of Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria spiralis were used as treatments and the nitrate and phosphate concentration were measured daily following AOAC standard methods (1985). Two factor factorial design was employed as the experimental design and two- way ANOVA in Minitab 16 was used to analyze the data. Result and Discussion According to the Figure 1, T1 (Hydrilla) and T2 (Valisneria) could reduce phosphate concentration in the wastewater than T3 (combined plants) and T4 (Control). T1 and T2 had shown approximately same phosphate removal ability. Phosphate concentration in the water is significantly different between the treatments except T1 and T2 (p<0.05). Figure 2 shows that nitrate concentration of the T1 was lower than T2, T3, and T4. Nitrate concentration is significantly different between the treatments (p<0.05). The concentrations of the Nitrate and phosphate in the water has reduced in T1, T2 and T3. In T4, reduction of nitrate and phosphate in the water was lower than in treatment tanks with aquatic plants. According to Figure 3 the highest nitrate absorption was recorded in T1 with 8 g of biomass by absorbing 76 %. The nitrate absorption is significantly different between treatments and the level of biomass. The interaction among the plant type and biomass is also significantly affected on the nitrate absorption (p<0.05). Figure 4, shows the highest phosphate absorption in T1 with 32 g biomass and it absorbed only 40% in 5 days. Phosphate absorption is significantly different between treatment and the amount of biomass (p<0.05). The interaction among the plant species and biomass were also significantly affected on the phosphate absorption