International Research Conference of UWU-2021

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Browsing International Research Conference of UWU-2021 by Author "Alakolanga, A.G.A.W."

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    Evaluation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Smoked Catla (Catla catla) Harvested from Selected Reservoir with Different Combustion Materials and Storage Conditions
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2021) Alahakoon, D.A.J.N.; Alakolanga, A.G.A.W.; Abeyrathne, E.D.N.S.
    Smoking is one of the oldest techniques of fish preservation and at present smoked fish has higher consumer demand due to their specific taste and aroma which is generated using partial combustion of woods. But, accumulation of carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) through the wood smoke is a major problem associated with smoked fish. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the carcinogenic PAHs levels and their penetration with the storage time in smoked Catla (Catla catla). Freshly harvested Catla fishes (2.5 – 9.7 kg) were (n=3) brought from Handapanagala reservoir, Monaragala and equal size (6 × 5 × 2.5 cm3) fish cubes were smoked in electrical smoker (180 ºF for 1.5 hrs.) using Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) wood smoke separately and stored at -20 ºC. Acetonitrile extract of smoked and raw fish samples were treated with a mixture of anhydrous MgSO4: NaCl followed by a mixture of MgSO4: silica propylsulfonic acid cation exchanger to extract and purify PAHs at predetermined time intervals as day 1 and day 7(QuEChERS). Outer layer and center part of the smoked fish were analyzed for sixteen PAHs by Dionex Ultimate 3000 UHPLC system equipped with Hypersil Green PAH column (250 mm x 4.6 mm x 5 μm) and Diode Array detector (254 nm, 1 ml/min, Acetonitrile: water gradient elution) separately and compared with standards. Moisture content and crude fat content of raw fish samples were also analyzed. Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene was detected in one of the raw fish sample, while Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[ghi]perylene, Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene were detected in fish samples smoked with Cinnamon wood. Indeno[1,2,3-cd] pyrene was found to be the most abundant PAH and it varies between 198 – 212 μg kg-1. No pattern of penetration of PAHs to center was observed. Detectable amounts of PAHs were not found in any of the samples smoked with Mahogany wood. Therefore, it can be concluded that modern smokers under controlled conditions produce lower levels of PAHs and Mahogany wood could be a suitable wood type to smoke Catla catla. Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Catla; QuEChERS method; Cinnamon; Mahogany
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    A Study on Sustained Drug Releasing Properties of Acarbose Intercalated Na- montmorillonite for Potential Pharmaceutical Applications
    (Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, 2021) Kawmudhi, P.A.S.; Lochana, E.A.L.; Premarathne, E.P.N.; Alakolanga, A.G.A.W.; Rathnayake, S.I.
    Acarbose is a well-known synthetic drug, which commonly treats type II diabetes. For diabetic patients, acarbose must be administered multiple doses a day to keep a stable glucose level in the body due to short biological half-life. Therefore, drug formulations with sustained releasing properties are developed using stable carriers like, Montmorillonite (MMT) due to its unique structure and properties. In this study, acarbose intercalated clay formulations were synthesized and their sustained releasing properties tested. Acarbose solution (100 ppm) was stirred with MMT (1 g) for 24 h at 4–8 pH. The highest intercalation of acarbose was observed at acidic pH due to electrostatic interactions between negatively charges clay layers and protonated acarbose molecules. The concentration of acarbose in aqueous solution was determined using the UV-Vis spectroscopy method. The calibration curve (2–40 ppm) of standard acarbose (r2 =0.9826) at 426 nm, was used for calculating the acarbose intercalation percentages. 2.18 mg g-1 (43.77%) and 5.1 mg g-1 (52.27%) of acarbose intercalated into MMT at pH 6 and the interlayer space of unmodified montmorillonite has been increased from 1.185 to 1.310 nm and 1.403 nm upon acarbose intercalation at 50 ppm and 100 ppm initial acarbose concentrations, respectively. This concludes that acarbose has been successfully intercalated into the interlayers of montmorillonite and the intercalated amount increased with increasing the initial acarbose concentration. Increased intensity and broadening of the peak corresponding to vibrations of OH groups (3687–3125 cm-1) was observed in FTIR spectra of acarbose intercalated montmorillonite, which may due to the presence of acarbose on or between the layers of montmorillonite. The in-vitro drug releasing properties of acarbose from acarbose intercalated montmorillonite was tested in artificial intestinal condition (pH 7.4 PBS solution) using dialysis tube method. Acarbose releasing from the montmorillonite matrix was gradually increased in the first 8 h and slow release was observed after that. Pseudo-second order kinetics model showed a good fit (r2= 0.9767) for the acarbose releasing data suggesting the release of acarbose from MMT matrix involves chemical desorption. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential applications of montmorillonite as matrix material for sustained release drug formulations for future pharmaceutical studies. Keywords: Acarbose; Montmorillonite; Sustained drug releasing; XRD; FTIR